Politics is the Manner in Which Society is Organized

Politics is a complex theoretical representation of the manner in which society is organised. Politics,by definition,has many different meanings and branches. The most basic definition of politics as defined by David Easton is the â€Å"authoritative allocationof values†. The greatest assumption that politics makes is that a person can change the situation in which they find themself. Politics has a normative value that is there is a difference between the way things are and the ways things should be. In this essay the two mainbranches of politics,that is democracy and liberalism, will be discussed. These are not just political systems but they are also a set of rules and theories. Democracy is the branch of politics that has to do with the organisation of society through the collectively binding decision-making of the entire population. Liberalism on the other hand is a philosophy of politics that has to do with the freedom of control and interference from a governmental org anisation. The values of equality in liberalism and democracy are two very different but important ideals. Liberal equality is the process of equality where every person enjoys the same amount of non-interference from the government while democratic equality is equal input into collectively binding decisions. Democracy Democracy in its simplest form comes from the Greek words ‘demos and ‘kratos’: ‘demos’ which is taken to indicate the people and ‘kratos’ which means to rule. 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Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay

Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde is a legendary author who has composed many great plays including The Green Carnation and A Woman of No Importance, however, The Importance of Being Earnest was undoubtedly the most famous of his works. First published in 1930, yet acknowledged since the late 1800s, The Importance of Being Earnest helped to revive the theater tradition of Congreve and Sheridan. The story is a comedic view of romance and the emphasis we place on seemingly trivial articles, such as a name. In this story, contrary to the typical saying, a rose by any other name would not smell as sweet. Our first scene begins with a confrontation, and the whole story is a man versus confusing women (better†¦show more content†¦During this encounter, both happen to mention that they are engaged to be married to Ernest Worthing. We must recall that to Gwendolyn, Ernest is actually Jack and to Cecily, Ernest is Algy. The girls are only bewildered and upset, so they decide to affront their fiancà ©s. Upon this confrontation, it is revealed that neither Jack nor Algy are Ernest Worthing. Instead of embracing this idea with relief that they are not in battle over the same man, the hopeful wives simply ask where the real Ernest Worthing is because they are both engaged to him, not anyone else. When it is announced that there is no Ernest Worthing, both girls rather haughtily disregard their men to pout over this horrible injustice. This leaves Algy and Jack feeling horribly dejected, so they sit for tea and discuss their possible options. It is decided that the only action that would bring about a resolution is if they are both christened as Ernest. At the occurrence of this declaration, Gwendolyn and Cecily are profoundly relieved and flattered that any man would go through such an ordeal to win their hands in marriage. During this whole encounter, Jack has acquired an understanding of Algy, which he is not too fond of. Since he is Cecily’s legal guardian, with her future in mind, he refuses to give the consent that would allow her toShow MoreRelated Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† by Oscar Wilde, humor functions through the use of Characterization and the social satire of the Victorian period. Characterization is the method an author uses to reveal or describe characters and their various personalities. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satirical attack. These two comical devices are part of the nature of humor, which isRead MoreAnalysis of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest624 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest: The Importance of Being Earnest is an unusual romantic comedy that was written by Oscar Wilde during the late 19th Century as an intelligent satire of Victorian society. Since then, the play has proven to be an unchanging hit because it has exceeded its initial demographic to an extent that its regarded as the greatest stage comedy of all time. Wilde wrote the play not only to challenge received ideas in the then Victorian society but also to subvert prevailingRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay3849 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest In the closing lines of the first act of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest, Algernon remarks, I love scrapes. They are the only things that are never serious, to which Jack responds, Oh, thats nonsense Algy. You never talk about anything but nonsense. Algernon caps off this exchange with a proclamation of the purpose of the whole work: Nobody ever does (1642). Wilde never allows anything in the work to conclude on a seriousRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Webster’s dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind.† This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic play that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious charactersRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Honesty in Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest553 Words   |  3 PagesOscar Wildes, The Importance of Being Earnest revolves around the dichotomy of the true definition of honesty versus the victorian definition of honesty. It is apparent that Wildes opinion is that true honesty is expressed through being genuine to ones self as opposed to putting on a front as is important in victorian ideals. In this work, Wilde uses humor to off-set the seriousness of the theme of the story. One who has studied this work can also clearly see that Wilde is using sarcasm to sayRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay4865 Words   |  20 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Setting: Begins in a flat in London then proceeds to a manor house in the countryside in the late 1800s. Plot: Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception [a Bunbury] that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they love, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in their impending nuptials.Cast of Key CharactersJohnRead MoreReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest The play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde definitely proved itself to be â€Å"A Trivial Comedy for Serious People.† I saw the play at State University’s State Theatre. The play was long, in a three-act structure, yet it moved along at a good pace. They did a nice job of preparing the audience, there was an interesting lobby display with sketches of each of the costumes with fabric samples and they played music to fit the timeRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Oscar Wildes Importance of Being Earnest3101 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Aesthete and the Leisure Class 9 The Plot vs. Characterization 9 The Analysis of Character 9 The Structure Analysis of Plot 10 The Title of the play 11 Conclusion 12 Critiquing Play Introduction The play, The Importance of Being Earnest, is written by Oscar Wilde and was first performed in London at St. Jamess Theatre on fourteen February of the year of 1895. In order to escape burdensome social obligations, fictitious personal was maintained by the protagonists in this farcicalRead MoreAn Examination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"the Importance of Being Earnest†1559 Words   |  7 PagesExamination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† In Victorian society, the conventional norms of status, gender roles, and marriage were closely linked by an institution that men and women were placed with unrealistic demands and expectations from society. Women were brought up by their parents to become the perfect housewife, and men were forced into marriages based on status within the society. In Oscar Wilde’s play, â€Å"The Importance of Being EarnestRead MoreRacism and Sexism are Ugly Words in Oscar Wildes Play, The Importance of Being Earnest877 Words   |  4 Pagespowerful and highly hypocritical, appearances were everything. As stated by Gwendolyn Fairfax in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, â€Å"Style, not sincerity, is the vital thing† (783). And it is this play, written by Irish playwright Oscar Wilde, which mocks and exposes the carefully constructed faà §ade of British high society. As with any play, though, The Importance of Being Earnest has two settings: then and now. The challenge for the production team at Ball State University was to center the Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Setting: Begins in a flat in London then proceeds to a manor house in the countryside in the late 1800s. Plot: Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception [a Bunbury] that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they love, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in their impending nuptials.Cast of Key CharactersJohn Jack Ernest WorthingBon-vivant [Jack to Algernon 2] Algernon is asking Jack what brought him to town. Jack has come to town to get away from his responsibilities in the country, his ward Cecily, and to see Gwendolen, whom he wishes to propose†¦show more content†¦This is Jacks Bunbury to Algy and there are many more to come. Jack hopes that this lie will discourage any further pursuit of his true relation, guardian, to Cecily. Quote: Well if you want to know Cecily happens to be my aunt. Critic [Jack to Algernon 6] Jack has been trying to satisfy Algys fanatic questioning for the explanation of the inscription on Jacks cigarette case. J ack has said that he is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack is not named Ernest. It is a phantom brother he has invented. Jack is going to explain his reason for lying in order to come to town, but he doesnt believe Algernon has a somber personality to comprehend his reasons. Quote: My dear Algy, I dont know whether you will be able to understand my real motives. You are hardly serious enough.Martyr [Jack to Algy 6] Algy has returned the cigarette case to Jack; now, he wishes to hear the reason Jack is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack shows his bunbury to Algy. Jack is Cecilys guardian that is why he is Jack in the country. In order to come to town he has invented a wayward brother named Ernest. Jack explains his reasons for lying about who Cecily really is and who he is to Cecily. He is essentially her immediate forebear and must keep up social standards. It is his responsibility to guard against any degrading of her values. Jack makes sacrifices to be Cecilys protector. One of his sacrifices is that he must lie in orderShow MoreRelated Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† by Oscar Wilde, humor functions through the use of Characterization and the social satire of the Victorian period. Characterization is the method an author uses to reveal or describe characters and their various personalities. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satirical attack. These two comical devices are part of the nature of humor, which isRead MoreAnalysis of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Ea rnest624 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest: The Importance of Being Earnest is an unusual romantic comedy that was written by Oscar Wilde during the late 19th Century as an intelligent satire of Victorian society. Since then, the play has proven to be an unchanging hit because it has exceeded its initial demographic to an extent that its regarded as the greatest stage comedy of all time. Wilde wrote the play not only to challenge received ideas in the then Victorian society but also to subvert prevailingRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay3849 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest In the closing lines of the first act of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest, Algernon remarks, I love scrapes. They are the only things that are never serious, to which Jack responds, Oh, thats nonsense Algy. You never talk about anything but nonsense. Algernon caps off this exchange with a proclamation of the purpose of the whole work: Nobody ever does (1642). Wilde never allows anything in the work to conclude on a seriousRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Webster’s dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind.† This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic play that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious charactersRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay3078 Words   |  13 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde is a legendary author who has composed many great plays including The Green Carnation and A Woman of No Importance, however, The Importance of Being Earnest was undoubtedly the most famous of his works. First published in 1930, yet acknowledged since the late 1800s, The Importance of Being Earnest helped to revive the theater tradition of Congreve and Sheridan. The story is a comedic view of romance and the emphasis we place on seeminglyRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Honesty in Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest553 Words   |  3 PagesOscar Wildes, The Importance of Being Earnest revolves around the dichotomy of the true definition of honesty versus the victorian definition of honesty. It is apparent that Wildes opinion is that true honesty is expressed through being genuine to ones self as opposed to putting on a front as is important in victorian ideals. In this work, Wilde uses humor to off-set the seriousness of the theme of the story. One who has studied this work can also clearly see that Wilde is using sarcasm to sayRead MoreReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest The play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde definitely proved itself to be â€Å"A Trivial Comedy for Serious People.† I saw the play at State University’s State Theatre. The play was long, in a three-act structure, yet it moved along at a good pace. They did a nice job of preparing the audience, there was an interesting lobby display with sketches of each of the costumes with fabric samples and they played music to fit the timeRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Oscar Wildes Importance of Being Earnest3101 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Aesthete and the Leisure Class 9 The Plot vs. Characterization 9 The Analysis of Character 9 The Structure Analysis of Plot 10 The Title of the play 11 Conclusion 12 Critiquing Play Introduction The play, The Importance of Being Earnest, is written by Oscar Wilde and was first performed in London at St. Jamess Theatre on fourteen February of the year of 1895. In order to escape burdensome social obligations, fictitious personal was maintained by the protagonists in this farcicalRead MoreAn Examination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"the Importance of Being Earnest†1559 Words   |  7 PagesExamination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† In Victorian society, the conventional norms of status, gender roles, and marriage were closely linked by an institution that men and women were placed with unrealistic demands and expectations from society. Women were brought up by their parents to become the perfect housewife, and men were forced into marriages based on status within the society. In Oscar Wilde’s play, â€Å"The Importance of Being EarnestRead MoreRacism and Sexism are Ugly Words in Oscar Wildes Play, The Importance of Being Earnest877 Words   |  4 Pagespowerful and highly hypocritical, appearances were everything. As stated by Gwendolyn Fairfax in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, â€Å"Style, not sincerity, is the vital thing† (783). And it is this play, written by Irish playwright Oscar Wilde, which mocks and exposes the carefully constructed faà §ade of British high society. As with any play, though, The Importance of Being Earnest has two settings: then and now. The challenge for the production team at Ball State University was to center the Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest In the closing lines of the first act of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest, Algernon remarks, I love scrapes. They are the only things that are never serious, to which Jack responds, Oh, thats nonsense Algy. You never talk about anything but nonsense. Algernon caps off this exchange with a proclamation of the purpose of the whole work: Nobody ever does (1642). Wilde never allows anything in the work to conclude on a serious note. While Wilde repeatedly proclaims this direction for the play through his characters, he does not tell us the motivation for this direction. He never explains why there is this avoidance of earnestness. The most apparent answer lies in†¦show more content†¦While Wildes ironic look at nineteenth-century Victorian England is funny, it is on the higher, abstract level that Wildes work is unified and gains lasting and a-historical significance. The paradox is not something that is easily sustained or drawn out because of its inherent contradiction. Wilde relies upon fine tuned pacing to sustain his use of paradox and to allow for a vehicle between paradox. Wildes use of these techniques is especially exaggerated in the first scenes of the first and third acts, where the characters of Jack and Lady Bracknell (Aunt Augusta) are particularly utilized by Wilde. The most fundamental element of Wildes use of paradox lies in the paradoxical epigrams that pepper the work. In the first act we immediately see these in use. Jack tells Algernon that when he is in the country he amuses his neighbors, but then volunteers, [I] Never speak to one of them, to which Alegernon responds, How immensely you must amuse them (1630). The idea of amusing someone to whom you do not even talk is quickly dismissed as Wilde moves on. A few minutes later in the action, Algernon warns Jack to take care in his marital plans: Well, in the first place girls never marry the men they flirt with. Girls dont think it right. Before answering who exactly it is that girls do marry, Wilde moves the characters to a new scenario that brings Algernon toShow MoreRelated Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† by Oscar Wilde, humor functions through the use of Characterization and the social satire of the Victorian period. Characterization is the method an author uses to reveal or describe characters and their various personalities. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satirical attack. These two comical devices are part of the nature of humor, which isRead MoreAnalysis of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest624 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest: The Importance of Being Earnest is an unusual romantic comedy that was written by Oscar Wilde during the late 19th Century as an intelligent satire of Victorian society. Since then, the play has proven to be an unchanging hit because it has exceeded its initial demographic to an extent that its regarded as the greatest stage comedy of all time. Wilde wrote the play not only to challenge received ideas in the then Victorian society but also to subvert prevailingRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Webster’s dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind.† This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic play that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious charactersRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay3078 Words   |  13 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde is a legendary author who has composed many great plays including The Green Carnation and A Woman of No Importance, however, The Importance of Being Earnest was undoubtedly the most famous of his works. First published in 1930, yet acknowledged since the late 1800s, The Importance of Being Earnest helped to revive the theater tradition of Congreve and Sheridan. The story is a comedic view of romance and the emphasis we place on seeminglyRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Honesty in Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest553 Words   |  3 PagesOscar Wildes, The Importance of Being Earnest revolves around the dichotomy of the true definition of honesty versus the victorian definition of honesty. It is apparent that Wildes opinion is that true honesty is expressed through being genuine to ones self as opposed to putting on a front as is important in victorian ideals. In this work, Wilde uses humor to off-set the seriousness of the theme of the story. One who has studied this work can also clearly see that Wilde is using sarcasm to sayRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay4865 Words   |  20 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Setting: Begins in a flat in London then proceeds to a manor house in the countryside in the late 1800s. Plot: Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception [a Bunbury] that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they love, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in their impending nuptials.Cast of Key CharactersJohnRead MoreReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest The play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde definitely proved itself to be â€Å"A Trivial Comedy for Serious People.† I saw the play at State University’s State Theatre. The play was long, in a three-act structure, yet it moved along at a good pace. They did a nice job of preparing the audience, there was an interesting lobby display with sketches of each of the costumes with fabric samples and they played music to fit the timeRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Oscar Wildes Importance of Being Earnest3101 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Aesthete and the Leisure Class 9 The Plot vs. Characterization 9 The Analysis of Character 9 The Structure Analysis of Plot 10 The Title of the play 11 Conclusion 12 Critiquing Play Introduction The play, The Importance of Being Earnest, is written by Oscar Wilde and was first performed in London at St. Jamess Theatre on fourteen February of the year of 1895. In order to escape burdensome social obligations, fictitious personal was maintained by the protagonists in this farcicalRead MoreAn Examination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"the Importance of Being Earnest†1559 Words   |  7 PagesExamination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† In Victorian society, the conventional norms of status, gender roles, and marriage were closely linked by an institution that men and women were placed with unrealistic demands and expectations from society. Women were brought up by their parents to become the perfect housewife, and men were forced into marriages based on status within the society. In Oscar Wilde’s play, â€Å"The Importance of Being EarnestRead MoreRacism and Sexism are Ugly Words in Oscar Wildes Play, The Importance of Being Earnest877 Words   |  4 Pagespowerful and highly hypocritical, appearances were everything. As stated by Gwendolyn Fairfax in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, â€Å"Style, not sincerity, is the vital thing† (783). And it is this play, written by Irish playwright Oscar Wilde, which mocks and exposes the carefully constructed faà §ade of British high society. As with any play, though, The Importance of Being Earnest has two settings: then and now. The challenge for the production team at Ball State University was to center the Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Webster’s dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind.† This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic play that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious characters, Algernon and Jack are rewarded in the end for their frivolous behavior throughout the play, implying that there is very little, if any, importance to being earnest, excepting that you give the appearance of such, for example the name.†¦show more content†¦Since his name is not in fact Ernest the value of the word begins to lose its meaning. If Jack is the most earnest looking person, the most serious person, and lies about even his name, then who can in fact have an earnest personality? As if to add to the absu rdity of the name and its connotation, Jack tells Algernon, â€Å"It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn’t a dentist. It produces a false impression.† (Act I p.15) The explicit nature of Jack’s statement, that it is vulgar to give the impression of someone who you are not, for example claiming your name is Ernest, contributes to the impression that both men are invested in taking themselves and, perhaps their lives as lightly as possible. As the play goes on, the audience, or reader quickly comes to understand that nothing that claims to be serious can actually be considered so. The word and its definition can not be applied to any person or situation. Jack’s explanation of his dual personality does nothing to lessen the irony of his situation. When he is in the city, wooing Gwendolen, his name, but not his demeanor, is Ernest. However, when he is at home where â€Å"one has to adopt a very moral tone on all subjects† (Act I, p. 18) he keeps the name Jack, which has no relation to the propriety he says he must assume. Gwendolen later tells his ward, (the reason for his country demeanor) that â€Å"Ernest has a strong upright nature. He is the very soul of truth and honour. DisloyaltyShow MoreRelated Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† by Oscar Wilde, humor functions through the use of Characterization and the social satire of the Victorian period. Characterization is the method an author uses to reveal or describe characters and their various personalities. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satirical attack. These two comical devices are part of the nature of humor, which isRead MoreAnalysis of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest624 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest: The Importance of Being Earnest is an unusual romantic comedy that was written by Oscar Wilde during the late 19th Century as an intelligent satire of Victorian society. Since then, the play has proven to be an unchanging hit because it has exceeded its initial demographic to an extent that its regarded as the greatest stage comedy of all time. Wilde wrote the play not only to challenge received ideas in the then Victorian society but also to subvert prevailingRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay3849 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest In the closing lines of the first act of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest, Algernon remarks, I love scrapes. They are the only things that are never serious, to which Jack responds, Oh, thats nonsense Algy. 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House Keeping essay Free Essays

In House Keeping by Marilynne Robinson, the author uses feminist criticism to demonstrate the social construction of a family household that goes against the patriarchal structure or norm of a household. In the novel the main character of Ruthie is telling the story of her and her sister Lucille living at her grandma’s house in Finger bone, Idaho after her mom’s suicide. Right at the start it begins with the death of her grandfather due to a train wreck, then her mother happens to kill herself shortly after going over a cliff after dropping them off at grandma’s. We will write a custom essay sample on House Keeping essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story takes place in the 1950s and early 1960s and is told from first person point of view. After both of the girls’ mother’s death, the grandma Sylvia becomes their guardian, but eventually becomes ill and dies as well. Their grandmother was prepared for her death and made sure someone would watch over Ruth and Lucille after she was gone. Nona and Miss Royce are introduced in the story and become the girls’ guardians until they no longer feel they can take care of them and send a letter to Sylvie, the girls’ eccentric and unbalanced aunt to come watch them. Sylvie comes to watch over her nieces and then the household begins to become somewhat chaotic. Ruth bonds well with Sylvie because she is free-spirited, but Lucille, on the other hand, yearns for stability in the household. Lucille wants the household to consist of the normal family viewed in society. Lucille finds refugee in her economics teacher and decides to go live with her, leaving Ruth and Sylvie alone. Shortly, Ruth’s safety is questioned by the courts because of the way Sylvie and her are living. They are both isolated from the outside world alone and without a man as the one in charge. Eventually, Sylvie decides to leave Finger bone, Idaho and live on the road again and Ruth decides to go with her. Throughout the novel Ruth and Lucille face several abandonments as they grow up, but still have a home in which housekeeping is done and where a family is created. It may not be the usual household structure but it is a home in which the girls can come to at the end of the day. According to the CBIL, feminist literature also uses a range of different strategies such as psychological strategies that help understand feminist issues better. Ruth does not mind living in the condition they have been with Sylvie, but Lucille eventually gets tired of it because she feels she will not be accepted in the society that seems normal to her, â€Å"I was content with Sylvie, so it was a surprise to me when I realized that Lucille had begun to regard other people with the calm, horizontal look of settled purpose with which, from a slowly sinking boat, she might have regarded a not-too-distant shore† (92). Robinson uses feminism criticism to demonstrate that a home can be created without any male role or the typical normal family. In this home only women have lived in after the grandfather’s death and they have sustained the house together over the years a way or another. When Ruth and Lucille slept out of the house in the woods, Lucille seeked attention from Sylvie because she felt Sylvie did not put any house rules and it bothered her because she felt she did not have a home when in reality she did, â€Å" She had put two folded quilts on the wood box behind the stove. She wrapped one of them around Lucille and one around me, and we sat down† (118). Their home was not the regular home but it was because Sylvie would keep them comforted and warm, she showed them love. Robinson adds details like these to the novel to demonstrate that even alone a woman can create a home for two children. Through feminism criticism the young girls also act as a symbol of strength in the novel because so much has happened to them over the years. They have lost everyone who has come into their lives one at a time. The girls are seen as independent, always on their own and taking care of themselves. They look forward to the future and what lies ahead even though their lives have been filled with death and abandonment. Robinson uses Ruth and Lucille as role models to other women who have dealt with similar events. The girls stick together, but eventually separate also signifying that they make their own life decisions without any male telling them what to do. This novel sets a setting in which no men are present, which was uncommon at the time the story takes place. Men were freer to travel, and roam around, unlike women in which they stayed at home with their children. A man-less household was far from uncommon, and in the novel Robinson only chose women as the main characters who lived alone. She created only women relationships to demonstrate that women were capable of coexisting with one another without a male. According to the CBIL, feminist critics use images of women to reflect the patriarchal structure by writing literature to achieve equality with men (1548). Robinson chose her protagonist to be the voice of a single woman, a woman in in her 20s looking back on her childhood and reflecting on it, â€Å"My name is Ruth. I grew up with my younger sister, Lucille, under the care of my grandmother, Mrs. Sylvia Foster, and when she died, of her sisters in law†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). Ruth’s character dictates the cast and the setting of the story. As Ruth re-enters her childhood, her concerns becomes those of a fatherless girl abandoned by her mother, or in her case a mother who committed suicide to escape her problems in life, â€Å"She thanked them, gave them her purse, rolled down the rear windows, started the car, turned the wheel as far to the right as it would go, and roared swerving and sliding across the meadow until she sailed off the edge of the cliff† (23). Ruth in the novel has the choice to choose a mother figure in place of the one she has already lost. Ruth begins to bond well with her aunt Sylvie and Sylvie becomes that mother figure for Ruth as it shows that there is no male heroism in the novel, but rather a female hero. The wilderness becomes part of the feminist criticism as Robinson centers the novel on the lake, and the characters spend frequent time in the woods. By putting a female in the lead role, Robinson goes against tradition. In â€Å"Laugh of the Medusa†, Helene is tired of seeing a man’s role in society in which the man tells the woman what to do. She wants women to give themselves their right place in society and become liberated from the restraint, therefore, Robinson like Helene, writes about feminine literature about women and decisions they have to make in a society where usually men made the decisions. The title of the novel is a big deal when viewing the novel through a feminist approach. â€Å"Housekeeping† in our culture signifies a clean household. In the household women take a major role as they are the ones who clean, maintain the home, and stay at home with the kids. The house in the novel portrays a symbolic icon for female cultural existence, yet it is ruined in the novel. Sylvie does not keep the house like a culturally standard female would especially in the 1950s where women did not really work or have much to do. Sylvie keeps the house messy and does not act as a suitable mother would in society, â€Å"Yet this was the time that leaves began to gather in the corners. They were leaves that had been through the winter, some of them worn to a net of veins. † Yet, according to â€Å"Laugh of the Medusa† the best of a woman can only be given from another woman and Sylvie demonstrates the mark she leaves behind in society and the lesson she is teaching the girls about change and subversion against patriarchy. Housekeeping demonstrates that women are no longer the typical housewives and how society must accept that change. Society must move beyond conventional social patterns and the ideal image of a woman. Robinson changes literature into feminist literature to change the perception of women. In Housekeeping, Ruth, Lucille, and Sylvie portray women who have to make life decisions because of their different lifestyle that goes against the stereotypical household norm. Ruth being the protagonist is portrayed as the main hero because she faces several events in which she faces hard decisions and makes them, even though society is against the choices and lifestyle she is living. How to cite House Keeping essay, Essays

Corporate Governance And Social Responsibility Global Code of Busines

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance And Social Responsibility for Global Code of Business Conduct. Answer: 1. In the case study, it is clearly shown that due to the asbestos issues, various medical conditions are originated. The Medical Research Compensation Foundation (MRCF), is continuously providing the assistance to the victims. As defined in the case study, it is clearly shown that the organization mainly believes in achieving the long term and short term targets. For this, they personally believe in the aspects related to the Corporate Governance (James hardie industries plc, 2014). The table is shown below mainly covers the different group of the stakeholders and the corporate governance responsibility hailed by the senior members. Stakeholder group of James Hardie Corporate Governance responsibility owned The group of customers The MRCF is founded by the senior authorities or the senior members of the organization and from these funds, the restructuring of the products could be attained. By this, the customers loss related to the product can be fulfilled easily. The group of employee The board of directors and the senior management of the organization tried to provide the various corporate governance aspects (Plessis, et al., 2010). Managing risk, conducting the business ethics, continuous disclosure, and Insider trading is considered as the key facilities which are provided to the employees of the organization (Redmond, 2012). The group of investors Alike group of employees, the group of investors are also getting the advanced assistance from the senior management too. But, from the MCRF, the funds are also released to the investors for fulfilling their requirements appropriately. The suitable help to the investors as per the laws leads to guarantee in managing the risk and the other aspects are being solved by the senior management. The group of Regulatory Framework The regulatory framework also contributes in the major issues related to the organization. So, the suitable funds are also allotted from the MRCF to the regulatory framework. By this, the financial aspects of the regulatory structure may also be managed easily. The broad range of corporate governance responsibility is facilitated to the different groups of the James Hardie. To regret the health lost due to the asbestos, the corporate governance is provided to the victims. It can be possible to provide the corporate governance to two groups. With the context of assistance, proper help will be provided to the group of employee and the group of investors. The risk management, the identification of the suitable ethics related to the organization and the other recovery aspects is clearly shown to both the employees and the investors. These groups are combined because both these groups possess the same responsibility. 2. The Australian Stock Exchange commonly known as the ASX is mainly helpful in defining the major aspects related to the organization. In the Asbestos case of the James Hardie, the principle associated with ASX has played the most prominent role. To regulate the suitable processing and to manage the key corporate governance issues, it is essential for the organization to identify the right ASX principle with the appropriate recommendations. The table is shown below mainly define the ASX principle and with that, the key corporate governance issues are also identified. The ASX principles are explained by the corporate governance rules and the list has two sections. ASX Principle Key Corporate Governance Issue corresponding to the ASX principles Section 303 A 06 - Possess all the listed committee that satisfies the requirement of the organization. The corporate governance issue which is corresponding with the ASX principle are the issues related to the asbestos. According to this principle, to face the issues, all the requirements and the needs of the organization should be fulfilled in an appropriate manner. Section 303A. 1.1 - Handling the major foreign issues related to the organizations In contrast to the asbestos cases and the other aspects, the foreign issues can be solved on the wider level, which is considered as the key corporate governance issue (LongDog Associates, 2011). ASX Principles 1 and 2 - Useful in defining the suitable board of directors of the project. Helpful in fulfilling the requirement of the board of directors of the organization. But, the key issue has developed in relation to their performance. Section 303 A1.2 - The proper listing standards are defined through this. The ASX principle will be helpful in changing the aspects related to the formation of the suitable listing. The relative listing standards are allotted to the organization, which are helpful in defining the suitable auditing change in the organization and related processes. By identifying all these ASX Principles, it is quite clear that it will be helpful in solving the major issues related to the corporate governance. The organization already faces the issues due to the failure of the corporate social responsibility in the organization. So, to fulfill this aspect, the ASX principles are adopted, so that the suitable principles can be demonstrated along with key corporate governance issue corresponding to the ASX principles has been analyzed (Parker Evans, 2013). If the company had not restructured its aspects offshore, than these ASX principles will be helpful in solving the key issues. The phase of restructuring is mainly propounded due to the health issues occurring in the organization, due to the asbestos. These issues dont only affect the employees belonging to the organization, but to the customers and the investors too. So, to manage the situation in all circumstances, it is essential to follow the suitable ASX principles. 3. The ASX principle is mainly explained in context of Principles of Good Corporate Governance and the Best Practice Recommendations. By following the ASX principles, it could become possible to deliver more independent boards for the better disclosure. Though the organization followed the suitable ASX principle, but in an unethical manner. The higher authority of the organization unethically presents the fake copy of the ASX principles in front of the employees, to develop the consistency of the business. In the section defined above, the list of the ASX principle is described on the wide level, with that, the key corporate governance issues are also being defined simultaneously. To explain this section in a more elaborate manner, the table is shown below, which mainly defines the suitable actions taken by the company. ASX Principles Action company should have taken to comply with ASX guidelines Principle to fulfill the need of the customers The organization took various actions to fulfill the need of the customers on a wide level. There are various findings which show that the James Hardie follows the appropriate rules and orders to entertain the customers, but simultaneously also creates the fake rule for the customers. So, the actions should be taken for the self-growth and development (ASX Group, 2016). Principle to solve the Foreign issues To manage the ASX Principle related to the foreign aspects, the suitable actions are related to the restructuring of the organization are taken into consideration. The organization planned to start the concept of JHNIV in the other country. By this action, the organization can also save itself from the asbestos criminal issues. Principle related to the listing of the standards For managing the specific standards, the organization try to manage all the policies and rules in correspond to the ASX Principles. The policies included in the fund raising are like AIFCL, MRCF and the JHIL. ASX Principle related to the Board of Directors The ASX principle related to the Board of directors is defined in an appropriate manner. To coordinate with the board of directors, the different actions are identified by the James Hardie. The actions which are taken against the board of directors misleads the communications, Failure to Disclose in relation, Misleading the executive presentations, Restructure of the group and failure of the appropriate care diligence (Plessis, et al., 2010). By following these principles appropriately and conducting the suitable action on that, the ASX principles can be determined easily. It is essential to manage the suitable action in reference to the ASX principle because without identifying the suitable ASX principle, it is not possible to manage the current scenario related to the organization. 4. According to the case study, it defines that in coordination with the James Hardie, the other funders and the associates are also connected. These associates are identified as the stakeholders who defines the appropriate groups of the James Hardies. The sudden change or the unethical behavior of the James Hardie exacerbated the different groups of the stakeholders in the different manner. Stakeholders Group of James Hardie How long term interests of the stakeholders were affected or exacerbated? Group of Customers The deals which are signed by the customers to sell them the suitable products is not fulfilled appropriately. There are various customers who were outsourcing the products from the James Hardie. For example, the major customers are Australia, New Zealand and the United States who are purchasing the products for the long-term process, but due to the asbestos issue, the global customers are not purchasing the products appropriately. Group of employees The employees are considered as the main victim who were facing the ill effects from the James Hardie. There are various employees, who dedicate their whole working life to the organization are it vain. In fact, some of the lower level employees also lost their life due to the major lung diseases (James Hardie Building Products Inc., 2016). The long term insurance of the employees, gratuity and the extra income earned by the employees were not provided to them. Rather, the organization was planning to shift them to somewhere else. With this decision of the organization, not only the employees were becoming jobless but with this, the future strategy was also getting disturbed. Group of senior managers and the executives The group of senior managers and the executives also plan some long term strategy to achieve the targets. But, the continuous blames on some of the senior authorities and the other team members destroy the morale of the other employees too and some of them also withdraw their duties from the organization. This long term effect has been faced by the group of senior managers and executives (Morningstar, Inc. , 2016). Group of investors There are various investors and the stakeholders who are actively participating in releasing the funds for the organization and simultaneously, also possess the suitable shares in the market. But, the fake ASX principle and the inappropriate allotment of the funds to the victims engaged the money of the various investors in an uneven manner (Wynne, 2005). The above description clearly defines that the restructuring and reconstructing decisions of the organization, not only create the negative impact on the employees, customers and the investors but, by this, the existing image of the organization also gets spoiled. 5. The case study clearly defines that the Asbestos case was first established in the year 1939, but the organization doesnt want to take the responsibility. James Hardie had continued the production, which was mainly the commercial decision. Asbestos is the material used in the industry for making the brake linings, fibro sheeting, pipes and the other materials. The side effects of the Asbestos not only creates the trouble for the employee, but has also affected the nearest environment as well. But, when the victims of Asbetos has been identified and the family of the victim lodges the complaint against the organization, the organization (i.e. James Hardie) took very important decisions. They planned to switch the business and also want to change the location of the business (Parker Evans, 2013). The decisions taken by the directors at that time were not considered as the appropriate decision legally. At that time, rather than facing the current situations, the organization wanted to get rid-off from the current scenario. In the defined case study, it is also mentioned that the medical implications of the Asbestos sufferers were also revealed at the initial level but the organization ignored it a lot. The decision which was made by the higher authorities was considered as unethical. The employees who were suffering from the Asbestos and lung diseases belonged to the organization only and to take care of those employees is considered as very important. But, rather than fulfilling the moral responsibilities, the organization looks forward to the strong financial aspects. With this, the organization also wants to expand the business in various other forms. To explain the difference between the business ethics and the moral ethics the discussion is also defined (Shah, 2016). The business ethics simply believes in making the maximum profit from the existing business, whereas according to the moral ethics, the security of the employees is considered as the major priority of the organization. To explain the difference, most appropriate examples are defined in the case study clearly. To follow the business ethics, the organization only expands the business rather than looking after the major issues occurred. In fact, the organization also planned to switch their current business and also change the name of the business which was James Hardie Industries NV (JHINV). But, the social pressure and the corporate responsibility of the company provide the suitable funds to the victims of the asbestos issues. When the organization was ready to provide the funds to the victim for the incidents that occur in 1960, then it was included in the category of the moral ethics (Commonwealth of Australia, 2004). Its not considered as the wrong aspect to expand the business and to earn the maximum profit from it, but simultaneously to follow the moral ethics also matters a lot. To complete the moral ethics, the organization arranges the Injuries Compensation Fund Limited (ICFL) for solving the issues related to the asbestos victims in an appropriate manner. Other than this, there are various funding system which helps in solving the issues related to the organization and employees too. 6 As the case study indicates that due to the suspected and ignoring behavior, the organization has to face bad times. To manage the image in the international market and to cure the victims of the Asbestos case. The organization planned to adapt the suitable corporate social responsibility. Specific Stakeholders Group How did action threaten James Hardie Corporate Sustainability? Customers The customers are considered as the major source of increasing the sale of the product. After the Asbestos case of the James Hardie, the customers took legal actions on the organization and also lodge the case of the fraudulent against them (Tozer Hamilton, 2005). This reduces the capacity of the organization to perform well and the corporate social responsibility is also not fulfilled appropriately. Investors The simple approach which is defined by the investors to threaten James Hardie is the withdrawing the investment from the existing projects of the James Hardies. While providing the funds to the Asbestos Victims, the funds are released from the investors only. The common funds are released from the Final Funding Agreement (FFA), Asbestos Injuries Compensation fund limited (AICFL) and MRCF (Cameron, 2001). All these funds are provided by the investors. If these funds arent provided at that time, the CSR of the organization may get threatened. Employees Personally, the employees also threatened the CSR of the James Hardie. The organization declared various misleading statements to the employees, so that they can continue with the organization. But, after considering the health issues, especially the problems related to the lungs, the employees of the organization withdraw their support due to which the CSR activities suffers a lot (Gries Marsh, 2015). Others Threatening from the unions and the groups of people, who is legally trying to manage the rights of the Asbestos Victims were very common which hinder the corporate social responsibility of the organization. In fact, in the year 2004, the inappropriate behavior of the trade unions and the local councils leads to the Jackson inquiry (Hargovan, 2009). By identifying all the aspects shown in the above table, it is quite clear that due to the worst impact of the asbestos on the employees, customers and the investors, they withdraw their support from the organization. Due to this, the organization faces the major issues related to the CSR activities. Other than this, there are also various legal actions taken on the organization which ruined the image of the organization. Bibliography ASX Group, 2016. ASX official website. [Online]Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/Cameron, P., 2001. James Hardie Industries Limited: Project Green Board Paper, l.: s.n.Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. In the shadow of the corporate veil: James Hardie and asbestos compensation, l.: APAH.Gries, L. Marsh, M., 2015. Global Code of Business Conduct, l.: s.n.Hargovan, A., 2009. Australian Securites Investment Comission Mac'donald, l.: s.n.James Hardie Building Products Inc., 2016. Our Company: About James Hardie Building Products. [Online]Available at: https://www.jameshardie.com/About-Us/Our-CompanyJames hardie industries plc, 2014. Corporate Governance. [Online]Available at: https://www.ir.jameshardie.com.au/jh/corporate_governance.jspLongDog Associates, 2011. How Corporate Governance Failed in the James Hardie , l.: s.n.Morningstar, Inc. , 2016. James Hardie Industries PLC ADR JHX. James Hardie Industries PLC ADR JHX .Parker, C. Evans, A., 2013. Inside Lawyers' Ethics. l.:Cambrid ge University Press.Plessis, J., Hargovan, A. Bagaric, M., 2010. Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance. l.:Cambridge University Press.Redmond, P., 2012. Director's Duties Corporate Social Responsiviness. UNSW Law Journal, 35(1), pp. 317-340.Shah, S., 2016. Principles of Corporate Governance. l.:Academia .Tozer, L. Hamilton, F., 2005. Aethical corporations: Is there a case to answer under a Social Contract?, l.: s.n.Wynne, M., 2005. James Hardie and Health Care Corporation. James Hardie Health Investments.