Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay

The colonial and Revolutionary eras in America are not so chronologically distant, yet they are two very different times for America. These two eras are very important parts of America’s history. The transformation of colonial America to Revolutionary America is quick but drastic. To be a colonial American would mean solely relying on God. An American at that time would center their whole life around God. They believed they did not personally own anything. For example, in Anne Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"Upon a Burning House†, Anne implied that it was wrong to feel sorry for the loss of your house or family, because the Puritan belief was that everything is owned by God. Anne considered herself lucky because she was left with the most important thing of all; her life (Chin 78). Anne Bradstreet most captured my attention with her writing style and her pure love of God. Puritans believed that â€Å"if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf† (Chin 103). It was easy for the British to keep people of the Puritan lifestyle under its crown because of their religious beliefs (Kiracofe) The Revolutionary era is when the colonists began to become more opinionated. The start of the Revolutionary era was when the British began taxing sugar. The sugar act lead to a boycott of buying all British imports. The Boycott put the British in great debt and was eventually repealed. At that point, the colonists discovered that they do have a say in their government. The people of America began relying on logistics and facts instead of their faith. This lead to the Revolutionary war, also called the War of Independence (Higginbotham). More and more people began speaking their mind, such as Phillis Wheatley, an African American who writes a Revolutionary piece of art, praising George Washington for fighting and leading in the Revolutionary war. The colonists began to become more and more individualized from the British. The whispers of rebellion turned into shouts after the Stamp Act. The farmers and merchants of America quickly transformed from strongly religious and peaceful men, into soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Colonial and Revolutionary Americans are two very different groups of people. The colonists were Puritans which means they were highly religiously dependent. Although the Revolutionary Americans did believe that there was a God and that he was on their side, they took their own initiative and fought for their freedom from Britain’s crown. If it were not for Revolutionary thinkers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, and the men who fought for this country, America would still be under the British laws and taxation. We would not have the rights and freedoms we have today. The Revolutionary war has made America for what it is today.

Critical Review for the Article Essay

The electronic journal entitled: ‘The Long-Term Performance of Horizontal Acquisition’, by Laurence Capron of the Institut Europeen d’Administration des Affaires (INSEAD), published in 1999 by the Wiley and Sons publishing, has studied the creation of â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. In Capron’s paper, he dated his studies from mid-1980’s to early 1990’s financing strategies of firms in divesting and liquidating its assets which he referred as the â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. Capron has cited about 253 firms in Europe and America that patterns the financing strategies. According to Capron (1999), examination reveals divestment of assets and capital infusion (re-financing of liquidated assets) makes effective to â€Å"acquisition performance†, but could have potentially detrimental impact. As what Capron emphasized on the performance of acquisition based on â€Å"divestment and redeployment (re-acquisition) of resources†, his study examines the defects and compliments on effective means in â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. Key points and rationale As reviewed from the journal, the â€Å"horizontal acquisitions† may be exemplified as a means and strategy in establishing the resource-divestment scheme, in which by doing so, it â€Å"optimizes or exploits the values of cost-based and revenue-based synergies† (Capron 1999: p. 988). As explained, it may be perceived that the â€Å"synergy† patterns the continuing acquirement of business values, as a result of divestment wherein merging of the newly diversified firm or business values acquires more assets and capital budget. According to Capron (1999), the cost efficiency theory emphasizes on the significance of cost-based synergies that occur when assets have been divested resulting the integration of cost-saving measures. Thus, the firm performs effectively in enhancing its revenues that synergizes with the redistribution of the capital towards an enhanced capability. It may be analyzed from the findings of Capron that the 1980’s and 1990’s rapid growth of industries brought about by globalization have emerged more investments in the supply chain. One of which is the positioning of developed and high-end industries within raw material sources. Like, for example, diversification process has been developed in Asian countries wherein more investment in cheap raw materials and labor are available and can be acquired easily. The â€Å"horizontal acquisition† could be drawn from establishing partnership, subsidiary in operation, joint ventures and inter-dependency in export and import schemes. Hence, for example â€Å"Company A† has divested in establishing â€Å"Company B† to engage in tire manufacturing that source out the cheapest raw materials. In which case, a diversified industrial firm could venture out into â€Å"versatile† business values that optimize capital investments for a larger revenue generation translated into cost effectiveness that means substantial profitability. In Capron’s finding, the so-called â€Å"economy of scale† became the bases of diversification process that paved the way to a â€Å"large-scale† industrialization. The 20th century practice of the economy of scale has favored more industries to capture the â€Å"investment areas†, specifically in poor countries. The â€Å"dispensation of merging† through open-ended stockholding in small-medium-large enterprises units has put significant relevance in acquiring industrial partnership, wherein capital investment has a critical role in merging companies. As cited from Capron’s findings, the logical economic explanation is capturing revenue-based synergies which are commonly identified as allocating and complementing resources by providing â€Å"core competencies† or â€Å"mobilizing invisible assets† (Penrose 1959; in Capron 1999: p. 989). As cited, Capron also pointed out in his â€Å"theoretical model† of post-acquisition and target redeployment (Capron 1999: pp. 990-995). According to Capron, the theory describes the diversification process as focusing on (1) asset divestiture, (2) cost-saving, (3) resource redeployment, and (4) revenue-enhancing capabilities as an effective means of â€Å"acquisition performance† (Capron 1999: p. 992). The theoretical model refers to and explains the â€Å"basic economic behavior† as outlined in the acquisition performance. Capron further theorized that capabilities in a divested firm are being distributed as an organizational undertaking. Meaning, it can be explained that the system of corporate governance and human resources are distributed or being shared that composes the acquisition performance. However, key â€Å"organic elements† were emphasized to have been integrated in the divestment process, in which the re-deployment (or deployment) of the organizational â€Å"system or setting† are acquired. Conclusion Capron’s examination on the horizontal acquisition and projection of model in strategic post-acquisition and redeployment could be understood as a fundamental undertaking in diversification process. It may be true that most of merging firms in their acquired assets or business are mainly distributing their in-placed â€Å"organizational or corporate system†. However, the merging firms could likewise optimize or â€Å"streamline the existing organizational set-up, which is the common occurrence in most firms that undertaken a â€Å"buy-out†. It may be perceived that the revenue-generation could be largely acquired into options by streamlining the existing organizational set-up or re-organizing both human and capital resources. Capron’s findings have emphasized more on the performance capability on the theory of â€Å"horizontal acquisition† referring only to capital budget, as implied on the capital resources or fixed assets of the firms. The human resource aspect [as a critical unit] of the post-acquisition process may have not been well emphasized. What has been generally discussed in the study is the transformative business value in divestment schemes referring to capital investments and fixed asset liquidation. It could be reflected that the capital investment and fixed asset liquidation are the critical factors in the divestment schemes as the primary resource of merging stakeholder. It could be suggested that the â€Å"potentially detrimental impact† [as also pointed out by Capron] could be referred to the human resources or labor force in a diversified industry. The merging stakeholder in Capron’s findings were much given relevance on how they could effectively perform in targeting their post-acquisition and redeployment, in which the study itself envisions to complement the performance capabilities of the stakeholders. At this point, we may re-examine Capron’s â€Å"theoretical model† as giving more â€Å"weight† to the envisioning of transnational and multi-national enterprises in furtherance of globalization, in which the continuing divestment scheme competes in the large scale economy of labor market and capital build-up. We may then conclude that Capron’s findings could be re-examined with further studies relating to human resources re-deployment or deployment on its horizontal development complementing the diversification of industries, in which the parallelism envisions both human and capital divestment. Section B Morrison’s bid to Safeway The electronic magazine of the Financial Times on its December 8th 2003 issue at the www. ft. com web site has published the news article of Richard Milne entitled: ‘Countdown Starts for Morrison’s Bid for Safeway’. According to the news article, the Morrison Supermarket bided 21 days from its competitors, such as Tesco, J. Sainsbury and Asda-WalMart, following the UK government’s offer to sell the Safeway supermarket. The UK Department of Trade and Industry disclosed that â€Å"Morrison was willing to sell its 53 stores if acquisition of Safeway is successful† (Richard Milne 2003; in Ft. com 2008). Morrison’s negotiation was favored by the UK Competition Commission that disqualified the three major competitors from the bidding and upheld Morrison to takeover Safeway with a share of 219-1/2 from the 279-1/2, in which Safeway acknowledged the buy out. In a follow up report in 2004, after a year of the buy out, the Safeway has gained 40% of sales growth. Financial analysts claimed that Safeway has â€Å"migrated customers† to Morrison supermarket, as it cited that â€Å"quality of sales has gone better because Morrison has stopped the Safeway policy of rolling deep discounts† (Martin Dickson 2004; in Ft. com 2008). Perception of the issue Morrison’s takeover of Safeway supermarket has gauged the situation of significant financial divestment venture. The business potentials of Safeway [being an established supermarket that solely competes with Tesco, J. Sainsbury and Asda-WalMart] were the â€Å"strong intent† of financial divestment of Morrison to even offer the sell of its 53 stores. The financial divestment of Morrison could be relating Capron’s findings on the â€Å"horizontal acquisition† of merging stakeholders by way of capital investments through diversified assets. In which case, the Safeway supermarket has found by Morrison as a â€Å"potential divestiture† that shall absorb the vulnerability from tough competitors. The merging of stakeholder through a buy-out or takeover of an established investment [like Safeway] may have validated Capron’s theory of â€Å"post-acquisition and redeployment†, in which Morrison has able to â€Å"contain† the migratory customers and could further develop the acquisition performance of divesting financial investments. The divestment process of Morrison’s takeover to Safeway has likewise described Capron’s finding on merging firms that engages in the economy of scale. One that Morrison has learned from the Safeway’s enterprise approach on rolling deep discounts, wherein it found to be defeating the â€Å"selling schemes†. Thus, managing the risks in â€Å"horizontal acquisition† has gained Morrison’s capability to undertake strategic competition that transformed the â€Å"old Morrison business† through the new outfit of Safeway supermarket. It may be then generally perceived that Capron’s theory on â€Å"horizontal acquisition† has transformative business value in enhancing the financial investment and liquidating a frozen asset [like Morrison’s 53 stores that are non-performing], of which a â€Å"unilateral† financial divestment scheme in managing risk investment, that is vulnerable to tightened competition, gains flexibility upon acquiring an established business venture. However, this assumption is perceptive of a challenge to the continuing financial divestment of core industries in the global market. List of References Capron, L. (1999) ‘The Long-Term Performance of Horizontal Acquisition’. Strategic Management Journal, pp. 987-1018, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. , CCC 0143– 2095/99/110987–32. Dickson, M. (2004). ‘Companies UK: Safeway Sale’. The Financial Times (2008). [online] available from

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example These children lack access to basic resources such as adequate food, basic health care, safe shelter and sufficient education to make them economically independent adults. Also children whose parents engage in crime and those who are neglected or constantly abused tend to become delinquents in comparison to other children. Another issue is youth violence. The widespread fear of crime in urban areas comes as a result of juvenile violence. Statistics show that between the period of 2005 to 2010 victimization rate, arrest rate, murder rates and homicides committed by juveniles between the ages of 15 to 16 shot up by more than 100 percent (Larry, 2006). The cause for this is increased involvement of youth especially African Americans in drugs trade. Since they cannot solicit for police protection, the youths acquire guns for protecting themselves and their valuable merchandise. The youth network through schools saw a proliferation of guns throughout a majority of youth community. Other than acquiring a gun for self defense, this habit also became a symbol of status. Finally, the issue of deterrence as mitigation to the fore stated problems is of paramount importance to CJA. Though deterrence works effectively among citizens with responsibilities, it is insufficient in instilling discipline in the impulsive, unsocialized and senselessly destructive people. The issues can be ranked in order of importance for a number of reasons, i.e. Deterrence, juvenile delinquency and youth violence. If administrators and public policy makers were to take the step of bringing parents into accountability then juvenile delinquency and youth violence would issues of secondary importance to CJA system (David, 2006). Apparently incompetent, rejecting parents who do not supervise their children and those who are abusive are to blame for the antisocial behavior of displayed by their children. Other risk factors for juvenile delinquency

Well being and education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Well being and education - Essay Example In a dynamic way of viewing it, â€Å"Well being|† is a state in which a person is able to develop his or her creativity, productivity, potential, and work. It helps one-build positive and strong relationships with others as well as contributes largely to their communities. It is through education that an individual’s well being can enhance a sense of purpose in the society (Kennedy, 2006 45-6). Promoting well being is a legitimate aim of education. Many professionals in the education sector firmly perceive that their work makes individuals have a high self-esteem and have a positive view of their lives. Research shows that most of the adult learners gain evidently in optimism and confidence because of successful learning. Such experiences have also been realized by most practitioners in workplaces, communities, and in colleges. There are numerous justifications for considering the promotion of well being legitimate in education. Apart from being desirable in itself, it has a positive view on the future and a feeling of one’s ability to control his life are crucial to further, on-going successful learning. It is also legal when associated with better health, better levels of civic and social engagement, as well as higher resilience in times of external crises (Kneller, 1964 56). This means that, if education affects individuals’ chances directly, there is a hi gh probability of affecting them indirectly through improving their well-being. Well being is featured strongly in education, constructed as both important in, and a result of individual development. Personal well being contributes significantly to the development of young lives as well as their character. Most importantly, well being creates a focus on the emotional and social features of effective learning including managing feelings, empathy, self-awareness, social skills, and motivation. Educationists typically gauge the well-being of students in terms

Comparisons of Athenian and Spartan Governments Essay

Comparisons of Athenian and Spartan Governments - Essay Example There were two prominent cities in ancient Greece that possess distinct and contrasting governmental systems. Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city states then and their influence, especially in the field of governance, was widespread in the region. Since the two states have different systems of government, both are worth studying and comparing for the purpose of deriving ideas and lessons on modern states should be run. Sparta’s government has often been construed as similar to the modern autocracy. This impression is brought about by the structure of the government itself. At the helm are the Ephors who were elected yearly by the people. The Ephors were composed of five individuals who did not belong to the royalty. They enjoyed unlimited power when it comes to executing the laws of the state. Due to the blanket authority that the Ephors practiced and also because of their small number, the Spartan government may at best be considered as an oligarchy. Oligarchy l iterally means the rule of a few. However, it must be noted that while the Ephors may have unlimited power and while they may be on top of the governmental hierarchy, they could not actually monopolize political power for several reasons. First of all, being an Ephor is not a birthright and it is also not a position that one can held on to for life. As pointed out, there is a clear length of time that an individual can rule as part of a collective, which is one year. An election would be held every year, which means that an individual may no longer retain his seat as Ephor. The thought of becoming an ordinary citizen after a year of being on society’s highest power structure might discourage an individual Ephor from committing abuses. Since the rule is collective in essence, there was already a degree of check and balance from within the ranks of the five Ephors. If the Spartans are not satisfied with the way the Ephors are managing the affairs of the state or with how they a re treating the citizens, they would just wait for the next elections and the individual Ephors could be subjected to removal or replacement. Under such setup, it is clear that autocracy may not be the most accurate term to describe Sparta’s government. An oligarchy, notwithstanding the fact that it is just for a year, may be the best description. While the Ephors controlled all the executive functions of the Spartan government, there was also the Council of Elders, which may be considered as the equivalent of the senate. The Council of Elders was composed of 28 members who are aged 60 and above. The age requirement definitely borne out of the belief that one’s life experience is reflective of his wisdom. Aside from the 28, the Council of Elders also includes the two kings who, upon the increased powers of the Ephors, have been relegated to figureheads and their only actual governmental function was to become part of the Council. The Council of Elders is responsible fo r making the laws as well as deciding on important issues that affect the state and society. However, whatever decision that the Council of Elders arrive at would not be deemed as a final governmental policy unless this has been approved by the General Assembly. The General Assembly was composed of all male citizens with ages 30 and above. This much larger body, however, â€Å"did not debate but only voted on the issues put before it by the Council of El

Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Plan - Essay Example To complete the strategic plan for â€Å"Sir Harry†, a SWOT analysis would be provided, in conjunction with stipulating the lounge’s mission and vision statements, values and objectives, as well as strategies and goals. â€Å"Sir Harry’s† aim to provide top of the line service to customers looking for a quiet respite from the busy life through posh and romantic ambiance and the luxury of enjoying cocktails in the company of friends. The lounge bar embodies the perfect get-away to unwind and spend quality time to treat oneself or friends to an extraordinary nightlife experience. The vision is to employ initially a small staff of highly qualified and competent personnel totaling 10 in all to increase annually by 3 to 5 personnel depending on the number of guests and visitors that patronize the lounge. These personnel would assume the roles of a lounge manager, finance, human resources and operations manager, and the rest would be in charge of directly addressing the needs of the customers through expertise in cocktails, specialty hors-doeuvres and canapà ©s, serving, as well as security and maintenance. The projected sales are initially $5,000 per night for the first month, and to increase by 10% until the sixth month. From the sixth to twelve months, sales is expected to pick up by 20 – 25% until the 2nd year. The values that would make â€Å"Sir Harry’s† stand out among the rest of the lounges in Hawaii is its adherence to exemplary service that would not only satisfy customers but delight them into coming back for more. In addition, the luxurious, sophisticated and romantic ambiance makes clientele extend their stay and look forward to more nights of experience with â€Å"Sir Harry’s†. 1. Owner/Proprietor: Prepare and develop a comprehensive business plan and forge contacts with suppliers to position the lounge as an upscale bar within the Hawaii district with the next 3 to 5

What impact will these trends have on the overall quality of care in Essay

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Autism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Autism - Research Paper Example From the research in this paper, it would be shown that indeed, parents play a critical role in ensuring that autistic children become manageable. Introduction Autism refers to a core disorder among the pervasive developmental disorders which evidences before age 3. The National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH describes autism as a syndrome rather than disease and also as a developmental disorder, hence its influence on growth and development aspects. This has been attributed to genetic factors, environmental causes and brain injury. It has been acknowledged as a dimension and conceived as a spectrum that causes children to have varied degrees of complications in communication, lack of imagination, exhibition of repetitive behaviors and difficulty in social interaction. The constantly revised prevalence of autism ranges between five to sixty cases for every 10,000 children aged 18 and below without the consideration of less severe forms of the disorder such as pervasive developmenta l disorders and Asperger’s disorder (Altiere and Kluge 83). McConachie and Diggle (120) cite the male to female ratio of prevalence at 4.8:1. Any chronic illness presents serious challenges to the individual and the individual’s family at large. But autism has been considered among the most challenging to manage of these disorders with various scholars citing varied challenging traits exhibited by autistic children making it difficult to offer appropriate care like that given to normal children. According to Altiere and Kluge (83), autism would be characterized by communication impairment, self-destructive and aggressive behaviors and low social functioning. In addition to language problems among such children, there would also be troublesome symptoms which include inappropriate public behavior, tantrums and self destructive behaviors. Autistic children present stressors and unique challenges to the parents due to the ambiguity in diagnosis, lack of adherence to the no rms of the society and the long duration and severity of the disorder (Altiere and Kluge 83). In as much as autism symptoms would be exhibited in early childhood, it takes long before appropriate diagnosis would be done. The process of diagnosis would normally be complicated especially when a biological marker misses, encountering such problems among medical practitioners becomes infrequent and due to the normal variations that exist in child development. Even with the diagnosis of autism, the problem of unavailability of treatment persists. Most children would be diagnosed as retarded hence the administration of the wrong approach to treatment (Kogan et al. 1398). The public knows little on autism hence the hostility and insensitivity from the public on parents of autistic children who behave inappropriately in public. The prognosis of autism has also been noted to be limited. Therefore, the important role that parents being part of the family unit would play in ensuring that autis tic conditions in their children become manageable to a larger extent should be appreciated. Even though majority of studies have focused on mother-autistic child relationship, fathers too have a parental role to play in managing autistic children. The involvement of both parents in the care of the autistic

Fracking oil prices in USarticles literature review

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Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Management - Essay Example The right dissemination and application of information is power. Accordingly, the conversion of data from internal and external sources into information is called Information Systems. This is also known as Information Management and is typically computer based. It helps in enhancing the decision making process, enhances the operations, helps in overall growth of the company. It includes hardware, software, people, communication system, and the data itself. Information Systems can be used in any type of company be it manufacturing, retailing, or the service industry. This report analyzes the use of IS in the supply chain management. Supply chain management involves getting the right things at the places at the right time for maximum profit. Zara, a leading Spanish Fashion clothing company, is a classic example of having an unorthodox and cutting edge approach in the supply chain management. To cater to the changing demands of the customers, some manufacturers take care of management of supply and distribution in addition to designing. Zara is one such company, which has retained direct control over the entire process. Today Zara has attained the distinction of being a global brand having its presence in 60 countries with over 858 retail shops in big cities of the world (Inditex). It has made the best use of the resources and achieved the current position. They apply the â€Å"sense and respond† business model in this supply chain management. They react immediately because they have direct access to demand data. They base their product design and development on the demand data collected from the POS or the POS data mining technology. Information from their stores is constantly transmitted to the team of 200 desig ners. This gives them a competitive edge as far as customer satisfaction is concerned. Zara works at the pace of the society (Zara). This report would examine how effectively Zara uses Information System to

The happy slapping craze is now Essay Example for Free

The happy slapping craze is now Essay The germans have a word for taking pleasure in someone elses misery its called schardenfoirde. It soudnlike some weird psychological theory. The basic translation means to laugh at someone elses misfortune. . We all do it, people are always secretly happy when something goes wrong for someone else because theyre glad its not happening to them. Like in youve been framed, when a man slips on wet concrete much to the delight of the audience. but schardenfroide can sometimes go very wrong, I knew a guy called Joseph once, he was one of those people who all the boys wanted to be and all the girls wanted to be with. Hes just got amazing Alevel results and was on the bus just minding his own business when he got a brick to the back of the head and died. They caught the guys who murdered him, in their defence, the guys said it wasnt murder, it was just happy slapping. To them it was just pure entertainment. Thats what happy slappers do, they go around and slap, smack, set fire to people while videoing it so they can watch it and be entertained later. The happy slapping craze is now a nationwide phenomenon. But as its moved from London to the home counties to the north of England, so the attacks have become more menacing, with increasing numbers of severely violent assaults In the past 6 months police have investigated 200 happy slapping incidents in London alone and earlier this year, some schools even went so far as to ban camera phones because they were worrid this would increase playground bullying. Leonard Cohen sang iv seen the future, brother: it is murder. And with happy slapping becoming more and more violent and universal he may not have been that wrong. So be careful when your out and about doing your christmas shoping or even just sitting on the bus, plaese just be vigilant and aware of whats going on around you.

Patterns of Urban Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Patterns of Urban Growth and Development Essay The growth and development of urban has consistently grown globally. This is as a result of human factor and environmental influence. Growth and development is the change to a better state compared to former state. Urbanization has increased mostly in poor countries compared to developed countries. In both poor and rich countries, there are different factors that contribute to either to growth or dominate the growth of the urban areas. Urbanization is there fore, the spreading of a city and its suburbs over the rural areas at the fringe of an urban area. Patterns of urban growth and development Industrialization is one of the factors that have contributed to urbanization. This changes the nature of economic production of any country. In both rich and poor countries, each potion of land id devoted to a certain use i. e. commercial, industrial and residential areas are separated. The sensing of growth is by allocating land to different uses. In other words large tracts of land are devoted a single use and are separated from one another by none used fields, roads or rail lines, or other barriers. This results to separation from where people go to work and where they do their shopping. Urbanization in rich countries consumes much more land compared to poor countries, on the other hand urbanization in poor countries seem to consume more land due to construction of single family homes compared to apartments build in developed countries. In rich countries more land is required to build parking because of the increasing number of automobiles compared to poor countries. The impact of low density development in poor countries where many communities are less developed or urbanized land is increasing at a faster rate than the population. The critics that arise in urban development in rich countries are health and environmental issues. Urban growth has been associated with some negative environmental and public health matters. The primary cause of these negative outcomes is that urbanization leads to people having to depend on the automobile because it will be a greater distance to travel and people will not be able to walk or ride their bicycles to their destinations. Vehicle ownership has become widespread in the rich countries, health officers recommend health benefits of suburbs due to soot and industrial fumes in the city center. However, air in modern suburbs is not necessarily cleaner than air in urban neighborhoods. In fact, the most polluted air is on crowded highways, where people in suburbs tend to spend more time. On average, suburban residents generate pollution and carbon emissions than the urban counterparts because of the higher number of driving. Urbanization in rich countries is partly responsible for the decline in socialization. Close neighborhoods can contribute to casual social interactions among neighbors, while low-density urbanization creates barriers to interaction. Urbanization tends to replace public spaces such as parks with private spaces such as fenced-in backyards. Residents of urbanized neighborhoods rarely walk for transportation, which reduces opportunities for face-to-face contact with neighbors. There is also a much concern over the housing in growth pattern in both rich and poor countries. In rich countries housing are quite expensive due to demand compared to poor countries, the housing has become a scarce commodity in most developed countries, the housing affordability compared to earning is much high. In poor countries cheaper housing is available due to reduced number of urbanization and demand Suburbs are blamed in rich countries for what they see as homogeneity of society and culture, leading to urbanization of suburb developments of people with similar race and background. (Stein, 1993). Conclusion Growth pattern in both the poor and the rich countries face similar challenges in most cases. Environmental hazards are more prone to developed countries compared to poor countries due to industrialization. Housing is come scarce in rich countries than in poor countries for more people work in urban areas where industrialization is more prone than in poor countries where most people lives in rural areas. References Stein, J. (1993). Growth Management: The planning challenge of the 1990’s. Sage Publications.

Reflection On Augstines Love Philosophy Essay

Reflection On Augstines Love Philosophy Essay Augustine stresses love as an important player in his moral philosophy. Man naturally loves. For Augustine people love in many ways and there are two most common ways. One is love for something instrumental where in someone loves something for the utility that it has for us. We see this in advertising quite often a prime example would be McDonalds which proudly uses the slogan love ko to. A kind of love that springs from something satisfying our own desires, just like McDonalds satisfies ones desire for a burger. The other kind of love which Augustine describes is a more intrinsic love. This is the kind of love we have for other people. Augustine asserts that this love differs from the instrumental kind of love because we dont simply only love others because of their utility sometimes this is actually the opposite. Augustine asserts this love as inhuman because as a human being people are made in Gods image. And that human beings deserved to be loved both as the image of God because none of us are independent of God, who created us, and as their own individual person. This is where the idea of morality and virtue steps in. When in loving people we love their utility rather than who they are. Virtue for Augustine is rightly ordered love. It is not virtuous to love an object that is instrumental and expect it to give us true happiness. Augustine also points out that we cannot love God unless we love ourselves because in learning to love ourselves we understand ourselves as creations of God from whom all good things come. On the other side of the spectrum Augustine considers choice to be the thing that gives birth to evil and that the pursuit of good is born out of moral illumination that is given by God and rooted in love. Someone once told me that if someone had a crush on me it might not be something they would admit because Id be pretty only if I was thinner. At first it sounded like a compliment but I was instantly taken aback. Does liking someone even just on the level of a crush so conditional on ones looks? I honestly didnt know what to think but the truth is that Ive always looked different from all of my classmates. In high school everyone was thin and dainty with pin straight black hair and ivory skin while I was big with a loud head of curls. It took me some time to accept the fact that I would never be that kind of pretty. I know it seems shallow but today appearances are so important they are everywhere and lets face it advertising and celebrity culture doesnt make it easy to have self-esteem. It took me a while to feel comfortable in my own skin and realize that Im not a dainty Asian flower, Im a giant mountainous woman to quote my uncle. Having finally accepted it I gained more confidence and I felt more open and I knew that appearances werent everything. The new challenge that sprung up it seemed was that because Im fat and tall some people thought that I shouldnt be confident or that the word fat is immediately equated to ugly. This was something I couldnt wrap my head around. Why does my weight or appearance matter so much to other people? And how does it dictate how kind or intelligent or honest I am? In a world like this are looks the first step to loving oneself, it seems the my stretch marks go deeper than just my skin. Do these angry red marks go down into who I am and therefore make me less than anyone else? It was Augustines idea of loving yourself and why you should love yourself that resonated with me the most. I think that it is also hard for non-Christians to relate to Augustine because his philosophy is so God centred. However, I think that his progression of loving oneself first then realizing that there is something more to it all is something that is true for anyone. Personally sometimes it is hard to do this and it is especially hard to do without looking at the physical side of things especially today when there is so much emphasis on physical ideals. Looking at the times when I have just sit there with my thoughts quietly thinking to myself about who I am and it has made me realize that it is moments like that wherein you truly discover how to love yourself. I realized there isnt really merit in loving myself because I am thin or because my skin is flawless. As Augustine says there is a right order to love and that in many toxic relationships people have quite disordered love . People love for the wrong reasons such money and status and people ask for something that the other can just simply not give. It has made me realize that a lot of disordered love is rooted in insecurity people love things that they thing can make them complete instead of first loving themselves and essentially knowing who they are to begin with. It is so easy now to say that you are how you look and thats it or you are the gadgets that you own but To go even further it seems to have become taboo to even just sit silently and be alone with your thoughts. I think what makes it quite hard is that sometimes when I find myself doing this I get overwhelmed by my thoughts and soon enough I am submerged in it all. Soon enough though I find myself being able to ride the waves of my thoughts and finding what I truly value in myself. And the answers honestly arent about anything physical or about anything external from me. The answers I find to all of the questions about myself come from somewhere very internal. The answer to where this voice I hear comes from in Augustines philosophy would most definitely be God, a supreme God who has created me and therefore my love is rooted in Him. In essence when I was able to look past all of the physical ideals and the comments others would have about whether or not I was deserving of love I realized only I could answer the question of whether or not I feel I could love or should be loved. It is f rom this insight that the rest the role of love in Augustines philosophy follows and it is something that I think many people tend to forget. While reflecting on this it insight it made me wonder about those who truly love themselves and yet do not necessarily believe in God and whether or not Augustines philosophy would still apply to them. It is this part of Augustines philosophy that I had to really think about. And after hours of thinking about it I realized that there are many people who have ordered love and are not necessarily Christian because no matter what religion you are to love seems to be something natural for humans. When people are faced with great tragedy and bleakness the natural response isnt necessarily hate or revenge its love. In the recent and very tragic Newtown shooting the children wrote notes to their parents about how much they loved them for fear that they may never be able to say it again. From here we see that it is so natural and unpretentious to love intrinsically. While for Augustine true happiness is found in God and comes from God it made me realize that happiness in its many forms is fo und in love. Love for loves sake not because of what it can give you but because love is something natural that we do. After having reflected on love in my life and out of it Ive realized that the only response I can give that can truly make a difference is to ponder how I love and why I love. It is so easy to doubt yourself as worthy of being loved and when others perceive you as not good enough or not of the norm and I think the best response is to be secure in the fact the that your body isnt the only reason there is to love yourself and that it should definitely not be the primary reason that you find to love yourself. I think that this is something important that I can actually share with other people. Loving connotes openness and that in loving others for who they really are and not treating them as an object is how I should really love. I think that the best response I can possibly have is to be mindful of how I love and what I love lest it become disordered and self-destructive even.

How To Writing A Research Essay :: essays research papers

How To Writing A Research Essay The toughest part of the essay, for me, was taking all the information I had gained and reduce it to a mere few pages essay. After all, quality is better than quantity. I feel that if I shortened my essay, it would be weaker because I couldn't include everything that I had researched. This would mean that much of the time I spent and the information I had gathered in my research was going to waste. Reviewing the finished product, I realized that my shortened essay did in by half the pages did what my old one could not do in a few hundred -- it made a concise, focused argument. By focusing my essay, I was able to include only the best and most important points from my research, while discarding more extraneous ones. I learned that a research writer is like a funnel; he or she must take in a wide range of information at the beginning, and turn it into a narrow argument in the end. An essay is more than just uniting facts from your research, it is an opportunity for you to voice your own opinion. An essay with just facts is informative, but not very interesting and get boring. It tends to lose your audience.. A strong essay is one that uses facts to support an argument based on the writer's analysis of the topic. Even though this is easier said then done. Always keep the essay question in mind during your research. Ask yourself: "What do I need to know in order to answer the question?" Have a system of how you are going to answer that question. Find plenty of information to support your argument. Throughout your research you will surely find challenges.

Glaciers in Oregon and The Fertile Crescent: Fields and Rivers Essay

Glaciers in Oregon Glaciers are a big part of life in Oregon. Glaciers supply drinking water, they irrigate crops and they help generate hydroelectric power. They are also a tourist attraction in areas that have more mountains. Glaciers are a natural resource that are so rare that people all over the world are trying to get these â€Å"frozen streams.† People want the power of glaciers because they can provide drinking water and people living in the city of La Paz, Bolivia rely on the melting of the glaciers. Glaciers irrigate crops and thousands of years ago people in Russia and Asia knew that dark colors promoted melting. This is how they watered their crops during dry periods. Even though this method has been proven very costly, India has created artificial glaciers to provide people with more water. Scientists have been damming glacial meltwater to help generate hydroelectric power. Glaciers supply drinking water to the community and are running low because they are continuing to melt. Glaciers have drastically changed over time because on average, â€Å"glaciers worldwide have been losing mass since at least the 1970s†. The melting of glaciers has been contributing to the rise in sea level because the glaciers have been shrinking faster in the last decade. Three of the major glaciers in the us have shown an overall drop in mass since the 1950s and 1960s and an accelerated rate of decline in recent years. An ice cap covered Mt. Hood during the Ice Age, from about 1.8 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago. These ice caps covered the Oregon Cascades, a series of mountains in Oregon, with glaciers going down on the east and west sides of the range. These glaciers melted into smaller glaciers as the weather proceeded to get warmer... ...ollapsed, but the Nile continued to grow and Great Britain took control of the Nile in the 19th century. Around 60 years ago the Africans gained control of the Nile. Rivers and fields affected the people who lived in the Fertile Crescent throughout the years because of the fertile soil and water. Many people lived in the Fertile Crescent and prospered from the fertile soil by growing an abundance of crops. Once it was abandoned, the Fertile Crescent became cracked soil and vacant land. Works Cited "Service Interruption." Do Glaciers Affect People? NSIDC, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. "Glaciers in Oregon | Oregon Encyclopedia - Oregon History and Culture." Glaciers in Oregon | Oregon Encyclopedia - Oregon History and Culture. Portland State University, 2008-2013. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. "Fertile Crescent." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 2009-2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2013.

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In Philip Larkin’s poem â€Å"High Windows† the speaker displays mixed emotions towards the invention of modern birth control and its integration into society during the 60’s. Larkin composed poems during a period of political turmoil and instability and expresses a desire to escape the apparent chaos; he describes both the sexual and religious freedoms of the time. Nevertheless, â€Å"High Windows†, presents a small background of sexuality and culture that is about social change. Yet, during this time period using birth control was looked down upon by the previous conservative generations because the kids were rejecting the previous generations’ morals. In addition, opponents of the birth control pill were concerned that because many were using birth control, it would be used as an excuse to engage in premarital relationships. However, birth control â€Å"Pill† was an innovative invention that brought about a positive cultural change to soc iety because it allows couples to plan for wanted children, establish relationships, financial stability, and women to pursue professional lives with more freedom. In the time period that Larkin wrote â€Å"High Windows†, there were intense changes in matters referring to sex and birth control methods. Sexual practices that were previously considered inappropriate for discussion were openly discussed. New methods of contraception allowed men and women to be able to control their own reproduction. Larkin captures this sense of a new age of sexual freedom in his poem, â€Å"High Windows†. Larkin expresses the desire to escape a constantly changing world due to sexual freedom in order to achieve some type of fulfilling personal relationship. â€Å"Larkin was a life-long bachelor; he had several sexual relationships, but was n... ...Marks). Therefore, the key development of the pill is the freedom of choice one has. â€Å"It frees the woman from the burden of involuntary childbearing that has traditionally made her a poor risk to employers and assigned her a secondary role in society. Now, three out of five working women were married† (Marks). Nonetheless, birth control allows couples to plan for the conception of children and take charge of their life. Birth control has brought about a positive cultural change to society. Women were now able to consider having careers and attending college, rather than worrying about raising a family. The past decade has witnessed significant changes in the culture of society due to the introduction of the birth control movement. The â€Å"Sexual Revolution† of the United States is believed to be part of the aftermath of the widespread use of the birth control pill.

Pizza Hut Marketing Brief Essay

As a matter of fact, we are rooted in family? literally. Two brothers, mom, and $600 turned into the recipe for the world’s largest pizza company in 1958, when a family friend with the idea of opening a pizza parlor approached the two college-age brothers in Kansas. The concept was relatively new at the time, and the brothers quickly saw the potential of this new enterprise. Borrowing $600 from their mother, they purchased second-hand equipment and rented a small building on a busy intersection in Wichita, Kansas. The result of their efforts was the first Pizza Hut and the foundation for what would become the largest and most successful pizza restaurant in the world. How far Pizza Hut came to be Pizza Hut franchisees exemplify the entrepreneurial spirit, which launched our system back in 1958. Through interest and initiative, the Pizza Hut system was able to develop new territories in the United States and overseas. Today, franchisees and joint-venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’s total units. Our development on the international front is a good indication of the growth that has characterized our system. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968, Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. Today, Pizza Hut operates in more than 100 countries and territories throughout the world. How they do their best Family ties. Another important step in our growth came in 1977 when Pizza Hut was acquired by one of the true giants of international business: PepsiCo, Inc. As part of the PepsiCo corporate family, Pizza Hut shared its leadership position with such fine products as Pepsi-Cola ® brand soft drinks and Frito-Lay ® brand snack foods. In October 1997, PepsiCo spun off the restaurant businesses (Pizza Hut, KFC and Taco Bell), and Tricon was founded. May 16, 2002, Tricon officially became YUM! Brands with the addition of two new brands, Long John Silver’s and A&W. YUM! Brands is now the parent company of Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC, A&W and Long John Silver’s and is the world’s largest restaurant company with more than 34,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries and territories. How they’ve earned their reputation During the past four decades we’ve built a reputation for excellence that has earned us the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized our business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of our heritage, our culture, our people and franchisees, we look forward to even more success in the decades ahead. Welcome to Pizza Hut Philippines! Philippine Pizza Inc. , the franchise owner and operator of Pizza Hut, has 138 restaurants and still growing, here in the Philippines since it began in 1984. Its locations are strategically located from Baguio to Mindanao & are now the country’s most popular pizza restaurant, with its dine-in restaurants, delivery units and express counters. For the more discerning food enthusiast, there’s Pizza Hut Bistro. A breakthrough concept in dining, Pizza Hut Bistro concept offers the best of casual dining, giving you the chance to enjoy the best Italian-American, along with classy ambience and first class service. Today, Pizza Hut serves over a million pizzas a day in more than 12,689 restaurants in 88 countries making it the No. 1 pizza brand in the world. In the Philippines, Pizza Hut began in 1984. It is now the country’s most popular pizza chain serving Metro Manila and surrounding provinces, as well as Visayas and Mindanao with its Dine-In Restaurants, Delivery Units and Express Counters. The Home of Pan Pizza has indeed come a long way. It is still delighting millions of customers with pizza that is like no other – no wonder it’s the world’s favorite. So why don’t you take home to your loved ones one of our world-famous pizzas today? Vision & Mission Integrity is their Core Value At Pizza Hut, our culture reflects our values. This includes a shared vision of who we are and where we’re headed. And it encompasses everything from the way we treat our customers to how we deal with our competitors. One of the most important values within the Pizza Hut culture is integrity. Our people are committed to providing uncompromising quality and to providing service that is personal. In fact, our people strive each day to provide what we call â€Å"customer mania. † We want to give the kind of service that will make our customers tell stories to their family and friends about Pizza Hut. Our commitment to integrity extends to the role we play in the communities we serve. Wanting to instill a lifelong love of reading in children, we created the BOOK IT!  ® National Reading Incentive Program in 1984. This unique program awards a complimentary Personal Pan Pizza ® and special recognition to elementary school children who achieve set reading goals. Former U. S. Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley cited BOOK IT!  ® as the model for corporate/education partnership. Today, 65% of public, private and parochial schools use BOOK IT!  ® in more than 910,000 classrooms. In 2005, more than 22 million children in the U. S. were enrolled in BOOK IT!  ®. Our integrity is also exemplified by how we treat our employees. We invest heavily in our people through skills training and management development. We encourage them to think unconventionally, to take prudent risks to achieve results. And we provide an informal environment with open communication to give them the freedom to make contributions on their own initiative. This is a part of our culture we value highly. We call it â€Å"ownership. † It’s the feeling that comes from knowing you can affect the company’s direction through your expertise, innovative ideas and hard work. And because we give our employees a stake in the company’s success, they take on the kinds of challenges people in other businesses only dream of. Core CompetencyÃ'Ž For me, Pizza Hut’s Core Competency is their very own unique recipe of their pizza. Frank and Dan Carney’s secret of success is that Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own Pizza Hut special tomato sauce, tender meat toppings, crunchy vegetables and a double layer of 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. The reason behind Pizza Hut’s success all over the world is its steadfast belief and uncompromising drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value. Service is an attitude in Pizza Hut. Crew members are trained to make customers feel appreciated. Customers are treated with courtesy, attentiveness, respect, and enthusiasm. Cleanliness is a must in Pizza Hut as much as giving customers the best value for their money. Product Range The most commonly sold food at the restaurants is the â€Å"Pan Pizza†, which usually comes in four different sizes including Personal Pan (which is an individual serving), Small, Medium and Large, although most stores have done away with the small size. They come in a variety of toppings, including â€Å"specialty† styles, which consists of Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, and Super Supreme, which is Pizza Hut’s most expensive pizza. Pan Pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas. Unlike most of Pizza Hut’s competitors (such as Domino’s deep dish or Papa John’s Perfect Pan), Pizza Hut does not charge extra for its pan pizza, except in Poland. In addition to the Pan Pizza they sell garlic cheese bread, which was the idea of a Grand Rapids, Minnesota employee named Mark Bondhus in 1979, Pizza Hut also sells â€Å"Stuffed Crust† (with the outermost edge wrapped around a coil of mozzarella cheese); â€Å"Hand-Tossed† (which is more like traditional pizzeria crusts); â€Å"Thin ‘N Crispy† (a thin and crispy dough which was the original crust); â€Å"Bigfoot†, which is a two-foot by one-foot square cut pizza; and the Dippin’ Strips pizza, which is similar to a Sicilian pizza but is cut into small strips that can be dipped into a number of sauces. Another is the â€Å"Edge† pizza, where the pizza is baked with no puffy crust, and the toppings reach nearly to the edge of the pie. Pizza Hut experiments with new products frequently. Less successful ones have been discontinued. These include Chicago Dish Pizza and Sicilian pizza; the Sicilian Pizza made a 2006 comeback as the Lasagna Pizza. Other products Pizza Hut has offered are the â€Å"P’zone†, Pizza Hut’s version of the calzone; the â€Å"Cheesy Bites†, similar to the â€Å"Stuffed Crust† except the crust has been divided into bite-sized pieces that can be pulled apart; and the â€Å"Insider†, where a layer of cheese is in between two layers of dough. Pizza Hut also has a number of side dishes including bread sticks, cheese sticks, cinnamon sticks, mozzarella sticks, onion rings, hot and mild chicken wings, boneless wings, chicken munchers, jalapeno poppers, and garlic bread. Depending on the individual restaurant size, Pizza Huts also may offer pasta dinners such as Spaghetti and Cavatini – a mixture of Cavatelli (shells), Rotini (spirals), and Rotelle (wheels). They often come with a side of garlic bread. Some Pizza Huts also serve lunch and dinner buffets with numerous types of pizza, breadsticks and pastas, as well as a salad bar. A new, upscale concept was unveiled in 2005, called â€Å"Pizza Hut Italian Bistro†. Unveiled at fifty locations nationwide, the Bistro is similar to a traditional Pizza Hut, except that new pasta dishes are offered, such as penne pasta, chicken pomodoro, toasted sandwiches and other foods. Instead of black, white, and red, Bistro locations feature a burgundy and tan motif. Pizza Hut Bistros still serve the chain’s traditional pizzas and sides as well. Key Officers PIZZA HUT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE SUPPORT MANAGER The Support Manager is part of the management team and will help run our business by either managing shifts or working as a key team member. The key skills required for this role include flexibility, communication, leadership, teamwork and customer service. DEPUTY DESIGNATE MANAGER This is the role in which most new recruits kick off their management careers with us. After completing your initial training, you will take responsibility for key areas of the business, assisting the management on a day-to-day basis. We will look to you to get involved in customer service, team training and development and business controls. DEPUTY MANAGER The Deputy Manager works as part of the management team to ensure that the restaurant operates effectively, meeting sales and profit targets and quality standards. The role is also to assist the manager in ensuring that all the team is recruited and trained to meet all quality and product standards. The Deputy Manager will take responsibility for the restaurant on the shifts that they run and will assist the manager on financial reporting and analysis of the business. RESTAURANT GENERAL MANAGER. The Restaurant General Manager has a responsibility for the running of the restaurant, managing the business as if it were their own: managing the financial side, product ordering, production, quality monitoring, customer service and training and development of staff. Restaurant General Managers can progress on to become Area Managers who manage ten restaurants or more. They can also work on secondments at the Restaurant Support Centre in IT, Training, Marketing and Human Resources. Pizza Hut is committed to recruiting and developing the very best people. We have a strong track record of developing our very best people at every level. In fact all our Managers and half our Area Managers started working for us as trainees. We promote on merit and ability and have an excellent training program to assist in people development. The Training & Development Team: This team aims to support and develop team members to their fullest potential, using various programmes such as the Expert training programme, as well as the Developing Champions training programme for all levels of restaurant management. In addition we invest heavily in the further development of our management population through core and fast track management development programmes and specific technical training. The Recruitment Team: The Recruitment Team is split into two separate teams, one recruiting for management positions within the restaurants and the other recruiting for positions within the Restaurant Support Centre. Both teams work to recruit the right people into the right positions. The Compensation & Benefits Team: This team aims to provide all Pizza Hut (UK) employees with a comprehensive and competitive benefits package, including; fair pay, bonus, health care and pension. The team also works to produce HR policies and procedures, which are in line with UK legislation and manages the employment tribunal process, as well as managing HR information. The HR Operations Team: This is dedicated generalist HR support for the Managers and Team Members working in the restaurants. This team is separated by regions, and aims to support our employees through manpower planning, district compensation and benefits, employee relations, welfare advice and the further development of Customer Mania. The Organisational Development and Communications Team: This team focuses on business communication, organisational development and change. It also aims to support and develop team members to their fullest potential within our Restaurant Support Centre. 2. ) The Product Brand and Logo *Different Pizza Hut Product Logos* Stuffed Crust Pizza ? Launched 1995 The commercial for the Garlic, Herb and Cheese Stuffed Crust Pizza started with Jonathan Ross and Caprice. 135 pizzas were needed to shoot the ad, as fresh pizzas were bought onto the set every 5 minutes. Sicilian Pizza ? Launched 1997 The then Chelsea supremo Ruud Gullit was the big name star to feature in an hilarious Pizza Hut ad. The ad promoted Pizza Hut’s sensational Sicilian pizza ? the first pizza with corners. It only took 7 takes before Ruud was delivering his lines to perfection. It certainly compared favourably with Gareth Southgate, who took 27 takes for just one scene! Grand Pan Pizza ? Launched 1998 Pizza Hut reunited the classic comedy duo ? The Two Ronnies’ in an amusing ad campaign to mark the relaunch of Grand Pan. Ronnie Corbett is seen in the ad devouring a giant pizza, which measured 5 feet in diameter and had to be carried on set by 3 members of the film crew. Over the 5 days it took to shoot the commercial, 6 team members cooked an astonishing 550 Grand Pan pizzas. The Italian ? Launched 1999 In 1999 Pizza Hut launched a new thinner, lighter pizza in the traditional style. Soon it was accounting for 1 in every 4 Pizza Hut pizzas sold. The advertising campaign featured a chef gaining inspiration for the thin pizzas from flattened objects ranging from hats to flying saucers. The Edge ? Launched 2000 In 2000 Pizza Hut took consumers to The Edge with a new pizza which had no crust and loads of toppings all the way to the edge. The advertising captured excitement of the pizza and the unique cut with 16 pieces, which makes it great for sharing. Twisted Crust ? Launched 2001 Twisted Crust is a favourite with a seasoned twisted crust that can be ripped and then dipped into 2 delicious sauces. Pizza Hut invested over ? 3m in a multi media campaign to support the new pizza with advertising on TV, Radio, Outdoors and Print. The Quad ? Launched 2002 In May 2002 Pizza Hut launched the first UK developed new product. The Quad is four delicious pizzas in one, so when you can’t decide?have them all! Pizza Hut invested ? 3. 5m in a multi media campaign to support the new pizza with advertising on TV that featured the infamous Pop Idol Judges. The Big New Yorker ? Launched 2004 Pizza Hut launches its BIGGEST ever pizza! At the BIG value price of just ? 9. 99 it’s a staggering 50% bigger than a large Pizza Hut pizza making it the hottest and widest import since J-Lo first hit the UK shores. 4forALL ? Launched 2005 The 4forALL is 4 delicious square pizzas, individually topped with Pepperoni, Chicken Supreme, Vegetable Supreme and Margherita. It is the perfect product for Pizza Hut as it offers great tasting combinations of toppings to share and engages our customers in an exciting and interactive way. The Dipper ? Launched 2006 The Pizza Hut Dipper is the perfect pizza for sharing, with sixteen pieces which you can dunk, dip, dab and dollop into a selection of delicious dips including BBQ, Sour Cream and Sweet Chilli. Only suitable for people who are deeply dippy about pizza! Cheesy Bites ? Launched 2006 Calling all small kids, big kids, Mums, Dads, sisters and brothers to RIP, POP and SHARE the fun with Pizza Hut’s latest invention ?the new Cheesy Bites pizza. Heralded as Pizza Hut’s most innovative pizza EVER, Cheesy Bites is perfect for popping with 28 delicious cheesy filled bites coated with yummy garlic butter. Production Process A key part of Pizza Hut’s success has come from product innovation. The New Product Development Team runs focus groups with customers to generate ideas for new products. These ideas are then turned into concepts that are then put in front of a customer panel to see how exciting they are. The best concepts are then transformed into actual products ready to be tested by customers. If a product proves popular then it will move into the next stage of the marketing process. The Retail Marketing Team is responsible for creating awareness and bringing the new product to life. Marketing agencies are asked to develop creative ideas for advertising, in store point of sale material, leaflets and online promotion. The Retail Marketing Team are responsible for creating awareness and bringing the new product to life. Marketing agencies are asked to develop creative ideas for advertising, in store point of sale material, leaflets and online promotion. A lot happens behind the scenes to make sure that we achieve another of our values, executional excellence. The Finance team investigates the financial implications; the Operations team check that the idea will work in practice; Supply Chain source the ingredients or kitchen equipment and the HR team conduct training programmes for the teams in store. Pizza Hut adopts a truly integrated approach. Ingredients or Features ?Pizza Hut bought over 8,500 tonnes of cheese ? enough cheese to cover the surface of four football pitches! ? Pizza Hut served 50 million slices of garlic bread ?using approximately 12,500,000 cloves of garlic. ?Pizza Hut uses the equivalent of 525 million pounds of Portuguese tomatoes each year and more than 700 million pounds of pepperoni per year to make its pizzas. ?The cheese found in Pizza Hut’s Stuffed Crust pizza is imported from Wales. ?Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own Pizza Hut special tomato sauce, tender meat toppings, crunchy vegetables and a double layer of 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. ?Pizza can be part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizzas include protein, complex carbohydrates, Vitamin A and calcium. And, depending on the toppings you choose, our pizzas have items from all of the four major food groups – meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables, and grains! Benefits or Advantages ?Their pizzas have Vitamin A and calcium. ?It is now more than just a pizza place. ? It offers a unique casual dining experience that is different from the usual fast-food environment. ?The casual dining restaurant now has an expanded pizza menu, appetizers such as ribs and a new line of desserts, soup options, smoothies, a variety of pasta dishes and a whole lot more. Veering away from plastic and tiles typical of fast-food joints of old, Pizza Hut now has a very classy, casual-dining feel with sleek wooden furniture, warm, ambient lighting, and a touch of whimsy dominating the whole interior. With the new ambience come more customer interaction and service that is made doubly fast and extra friendly. Packaging Their Pizza Boxes and other products have been packed in a unique and modern style of packaging. Price/ Value Pizza Hut Company offers an affordable price that meets the customers’ expectations to the product. Place or Distribution PROPERTY. The role of the property department is to ensure that our growth strategy is fulfilled via: ? Re-imaging current restaurants to keep them contemporary and appealing for both current and new customers. ?Developing new restaurants. These are some key criteria for the site of a new restaurant: 1. It should be in an out of centre location on a retail or leisure park with good parking and accessibility. 2. The tenant mix of the park must be of good quality with the ability to draw from a wide area. 3. Ideally there should be a wide range of users giving both a day and night time activity to the area. 4. The catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. 5. There is good visibility both to the passing traffic and users of the park and corresponding good access to the unit. 6. The park will remain the major draw within its catchment area both now and in the future. 7. There is the opportunity to build a freestanding unit of Pizza Hut’s standard external design. 8. The unit can be standard size, built in line with our standard specification. 9. Ideally there is a 25-year lease with the opportunity for periodic rent reviews and exclusivity of pizza sales on the park. Pizza Hut International Places of Distribution *Pizza Hut restaurants are located throughout the world. Like many international chain restaurants, Pizza Hut locations outside of the United States and Canada offer different menu choices based on food traditions of the local culture. )Andorra, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Hong Kong, Costa Rica, Egypt, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Mexico, Spain, Sri Lanka, UK & Ireland) Promotion History ?(more information are explained in Brand & Logo Category) ? Old in-restaurant ad for Pizza Hut’s Pan Pizza ? Pizza Hut ad with the Muppets ? Pizza Hut â€Å"Dippin’ Strips† ad ?Pizza Hut’s main advertising slogan is â€Å"Gather ’round the good stuff†. Pizza Hut does not have an official international mascot, but at one time, there were commercials in the United States called ‘The Pizza Head Show. ‘ The ads featured a slice of pizza with a face made out of toppings called ‘Pizza Head’. In Australia during the Mid to late 1990s, the advertising mascot was a delivery boy named Dougie, with boyish good looks who, upon delivering pizza to his father, would hear the catchphrase â€Å"Here’s a tip, be good to your mother†. ? In 1994, Donald Trump and ex-wife Ivana Trump starred in a commercial. The ending of the commercial showed Ivana Trump asking for the last slice, to which Donald replied, â€Å"Actually dear, you’re only entitled to half†, a play on the couple’s recent divorce. ?In 1995, Ringo Starr starred in a Pizza Hut commercial which also featured The Monkees. Rush Limbaugh also starred in a Pizza Hut commercial the same year. ?In 1997, former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev starred in a Pizza Hut commercial to raise money for the Perestroyka Archives. In recent years, Pizza Hut has had various celebrity spokespeople, including Jessica Simpson, the Muppets, and Damon Hill and Murray Walker. Recent commercials have Queen Latifah providing the voiceover. Also in 1997, Pizza Hut, reunited â€Å"greatest of all time boxer† Muhamad Ali with trainer Angelo Dundee in a sentimental made for Super Bowl commercial. ?Talk show host, Jonathan Ross, co-starred in an ad with American model, Caprice Bourret. They were used to advertise the stuffed crust pizza, with Jonathan Ross saying â€Å"Stuffed Cwust†, to which is a play on Jonathan’s pronunciation of ‘R’s. Another UK ad shows British Formula One driver Damon Hill visit a Pizza Hut restaurant and order a pizza, with famous F1 commentator Murray Walker visiting with him, and narrating as though it was a Formula One race. As Hill is about to finish his meal, Walker, in a play on Hill’s 1994 & 1995 seasons, shouts â€Å"And Hill finishes second, again! † at which Hill grabs Walker by his shirt and shakes him angrily, Walker proclaiming, in his usual tones, â€Å"He’s lost it! He’s out of control! † ? The 1990 NES game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game, came with a coupon for a free pizza. The game was filled with Pizza Hut advertising and pizza that would refill the character’s life. ?Pizza Hut sponsored the first space pizza delivery in 2001, and paid for their logo to appear on a Russian Proton rocket in 2000. [12] ? In Australia, 2006 saw the introduction of a mascot in Pizza Hut’s advertising – â€Å"Pizza Mutt†, a small dog who delivers pizzas. ?Early 2007 saw Pizza Hut move into several more interactive ways of marketing to the consumer. Utilizing mobile phone SMS technology and their MyHut ordering site, they aired several television commercials (commencing just before the Super Bowl) containing hidden words that viewers could type into their phones to receive coupons. Other innovative efforts included their â€Å"MySpace Ted† campaign, which took advantage of the popularity of social networking, and the burgeoning user-submission marketing movement via their Vice President of Pizza contest. Historical Sales (Arranged from Recent) 2006- Whitbread sells their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd is now 100% owned by Yum! Cheesy Bites is launched! 697 restaurants now in the UK! 154 stores are franchise owned by 61 franchisees. 2005- The 4forALL is launched. Over 600 restaurants now open in the UK. 70 of them are Franchise units 2004- Pizza Hut launches The Big New Yorker 2003- 500 restaurants are now open throughout the UK, employing over 20,000 people. 2002- Tricon Global becomes YUM! Brands Inc. The Quad Pizza is launched in the UK. Pizza Hut opens its 500th restaurant. A & W and Long John Silver’s join the Yum brand. 2001- Pizza Hut begins a franchising programme with its delivery stores 2000- Pizza Hut introduces The Edge, a thin pizza with toppings all the way round the edge 1999- Pizza Hut has over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. The Italian Pizza is launched in the UK 1998- Pan Pizza is relaunched as Grand Pan in the UK 1997- PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants is born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. The Sicilian Pizza is launched in the UK. There are 277 restaurants and 100 delivery stores in the UK 1995- Stuffed Crust is launched in the UK 1994- 10,000 Pizza Huts are open world-wide 1993- There are 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK 1992- There are 9000 restaurants in 84 countries 1990- Pizza Hut reaches Russia. In the UK there are now 200 restaurants 1989- The first restaurant is converted into a Restaurant Based Delivery store 1988- The UK’s first delivery unit opens in Kingsbury, London 1987- An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK 1986- 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 world wide. 1984- 50 restaurants so far in the UK 1982- UK joint venture commences between PepsiCo and Whitbread 1980- Pan Pizza Introduced 1977- PepsiCo buys Pizza Hut 1973- Pizza Hut goes international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opens in Islington, London 1972- 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA 1958- Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas Seasonality Pizza Hut pizzas are made for all seasons. However, minor products can be categorized seasoning. 3. ) The Market Market Demographics & Market Psychographics. (Age, Sex, SEC, Geography, Civil Status, Educational Attainment, Occupation) & ( Mindset, Outlook, Lifestyle, Influences, Media Habits, Consumption Behavior) The role of marketing within Pizza Hut is to ensure that the needs of customers are met whilst ensuring that the business makes money! Pizza Hut has a broad range of customers, as pizza is extremely popular to a wide variety of people. The first task is to understand our consumers by living our first value of customer mania. We invest considerable resources in researching who our customers are and their needs. For our Full Service Restaurants our primary customer segment is families with the need for a special place to share those little everyday moments. For the Home Delivery Service the primary customers are teens and young adults who seek convenience. We also conduct market research to find out what our customers think of the brand, whether they remember the advertising and what their dining experiences have been like. Having identified what the customer needs and wants are from our brand, the Marketing team is responsible for developing new products and new promotions to satisfy these needs and increase sales and profitability. 4.) The Industry Competitors Finance, Market Shares and Comparative Pricing In support of our business goals, the Pizza Hut Finance function is split into three teams: Control, Planning and SCM. The overall role of Financial Control is to ensure that our financial statements are accurate and reflect a true and fair view of our business performance. It ensures that all transactions entered into by Pizza Hut are appropriately recorded. It also has the responsibility to ensure that our assets are protected, through appropriate controls and processes. Within Financial Control, we have teams that are responsible for the following: ? Preparing and reporting accurate data to senior management, Yum and Statutory Bodies ? Supporting the expansion programmes of the Franchising and Business Development teams. ?Analysing variances from Plan and Forecasts to facilitate and influence decision-making. ?Paying over 18,500 employees on a weekly basis and 15,000 employees every four weeks, ensuring the related tax and statutory responsibilities are discharged. ?Paying suppliers who supply food, drink and the services that we need to run our restaurants. ?Treasury and Tax management. ?Insurance and Estates management. ?Loss Prevention. We also have specialised tax expertise to ensure that our Corporation, VAT, PAYE, NI and all relevant tax liabilities to the government is calculated properly. Planning’s role is to ensure that our underlying business performance is analysed and understood, that our business and units have suitably stretching performance targets and that our continual drive to improve our business return is well on track. Structurally, Planning is split into three teams: 1. Business Planning, who manage the total business and individual unit budgeting process, as well as providing commercial analytical support for our operations. 2. Sales & Marketing Planning, who ensure that Marketing initiatives are rigourously evaluated and aligned with our strategic and financial goals. 3. Capital Planning, where our focus on returns is displayed through control of investment processes. SCM is responsible for procurement for food and non-food items and managing the logistics of delivering products from suppliers to the outlets. More specifically this involves: – Supply chain strategy development for both short and long term – Supplier development for both existing and new products. – Negotiating and managing contracts for food suppliers as well as services – Working on cost reduction projects in conjunction with QA and operations – Negotiate and manage distribution contracts and ensure contract delivery performance to outlets remain at certain standards – Support strategic initiatives and cross functional projects like new product launches, promotion management Control, Planning and SCM team members spend much of their time helping other team members in Pizza Hut and in turn are sought out to add commercial and financial advice to the business as we work together in achieving our business goals.   

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay

Scene V, Blanche Come in-Ahhh Merciii dis gentle valet de chambrenequin this pull out in relation to the tranquillity of the text paying attention to structure, image and use of language. The ending section of senti ment five of Tennessee Williamss dramatic event A Streetcar Named Desire has provoked practically confusion and debate as to the authors motives in regards to the portrayal of Blanche. superstar school of thought on the guinea pig is that, in spite of the concomitant that Williams more often than non based the character of Blanche upon himself his primary draw in the job is to punish her for her trial to show empathy towards her homosexual husband Allan.Williams was of course a homosexual himself, living in a largely homophobic domain of a function where gayness was non a talked nearly subject. He often brought the issue up in his other works often(prenominal) as mold on a Hot Tin Roof where the characters Brick and pol scratch captain and both por trayed as feasible homosexuals. Blanches neediness of empathy and compassion are high straighten outed formerly again in this extract when she t bug out ensemble fails to treat into account the smellings of a mo new(a) man, and instead uses him to live out her fantasies of desire for her late husband.During the exchange between Blanche and the childlike man she is portrayed as seductive and dominant I indispensability to kiss you making it clear that she is the unmatched initia backsideg the situation, this is a dramatic contrast to her commonplace persona virtually other men such as Mitch and Stanley where she makes herself out to be both innocent and pure. This extract is virtuoso of the places where her illusion starts to slip and her previous(prenominal) actions are baksheeshed at to the listening.Blanches chemical reaction to you young mans deferred payment of cherry soda you make my peach water has a strong sexually reference, a cherry being a metaphor for v irginity, which probably only Blanche is cognisant of. This shows that she is simply playing games with the young man using him for her sustain enjoyment. In the side by side(p) aspect Blanche treats Mitch in a actually similar port, after discovering that he does non speak French she says Voulez-vous couches avec mo ice soir? meaning would you like to sleep with me this eve? which is the call of a French prostitute. The lack of consideration that Blanche shows towards both men and the way she appears to be using them both (The young man for a thrill and Mitch for security) hints not only towards the fact that in the yesteryear she has sought remedies for her loneliness with strangers exclusively in any case supports the metaphor presented later on in the play of Blanche being a tarantula trapping her victims in a web of illusions Yes a big spider Thats where I brought my victims.Another example of how Williams is using this background to condemn Blanches can be fix by looking at the actions of the young man. During the dig he speaks nervously and makes stag glances towards the door portraying his wish to fudge form Blanches and making it obvious that he is uncomfortable with the situation. Well Id better be-. When describing the young man Blanche repeatedly uses the word young and alike calls him lamb, this not only enforces his youth to the auditory modality but also the fact that Blanche is aware of how much younger than her he is.The final and by chance some damming piece of evidence towards Blanche is her reaction towards Mitch at the end of the scene, where, having just kissed a young son she greets the man she is hoping to adopt with open arms, reverting back to her archaic illusion of purity. This shows her as uncaring and manipulative towards both explodeies, in the she takes on the pass on of two completely different slew to get what she wants. It also presents a hint that Blanche is lying about her sexual history.Blanches a ctions in this extract could also be seen as an example of deliberate cruelty, in so far as she is willing to take advantage of a confused and opposed young man just for her own pleasure. Blanche has of cores been guilty of deliberate cruelty in her past when she spoke of her revulsion towards Allan I k straightway. I saw. You disgust me. leading to his suicide. cut into cruelty is something that Blanche says that she despises and has Never been guilty absent making her seam rather hypocritical. nearly might argue in fact that Williams is in fact using this extract to elicit the audiences clemency towards Blanche as opposed to their condemnation. Throughout the play reference has been frequently made to Blanches declining cordial state, such as when Stanley takes the letters written by Allan away from her and she becomes psychoneurotical. Williams gently reminds the audience of this in numerous ways throughout the extract.For a start, in reference to the lightness Blanche uses the word Temperamental, which is a precise unusual description and probably think to reflect upon her mental state. During the later part of the scene the convocation is accompanied by the Blue Piano, a recurring abridge of Blanches guilt, misery and mental declination. It features at many points in the play, usually during periods of offend for Blanche such as when she is reminiscing about the prejudice of Bell Reve to Stella.Blanches crumbling mental state is not helped by her alcoholism, another one of Williamss personality traits that feature throughout his plays, such as with Brick in Cat on a hot tin Roof. Although Blanche isnt actually intoxication in this extract the audience knows that she has inebriated earlier in the scene a shot never does a snowfall any harm and are shown how booze can make people do things be the actions of the drunken Negro adult female just before the young man arrives. The negro woman cackling hysterically, swaying drunkenly comes ar ound the corner. Williams may also have been try to make the audience sympathise with Blanches paranoia about her appearance and desperation to feel young again. Earlier is the scene the audience sees Blanche looking in the mirror she is later to smash, showing emphasising her fragility about her looks. She also talked to Stella about her fading appearance I Im fading now. The audience has also been privy to Blanches hate of light I cant stand a naked light bulb and her need to hear confident(p) remarks about her appearance I was angle for a compliment Stanley.Another factor in that must be considered is that previously in the scene Stanley has begun to tear down the illusions Blanche weaves to cheer herself be hinting that he knows about her past actions (Again hinting that Blanche is lying about her past) Shaw is under the event that he met you in Loral leaving her open(a) and in a state of hysteric shock shown by her frequent pauses in sentences and trembling her hand sha kes so it almost slips form the glass.Perhaps the most likely explanation for this why this scene seems to show Blanche is two contradictory lights in time is that Williams is deliberately leaving it ambiguous, allowing the audience to conclude upon their own feelings towards Blanche, and that the true purpose of this scene is to prefigure the revelations about Blanches past, particularly her race with the 17 year old boy that lost her her job.

Dutch Disease

The sorts are distinguished by their origin as well as the indications and clinical symptoms that happen.Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession personal following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed letter from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and worth Pound got appreciated.Dutch disease is merely arithmetic.The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The chief Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural valuable resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity how that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and fo reign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Dutch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, how this story repeated in Iran.

It normally contributes to a countrys currency appreciating in value.Russia is likely to be another innocent victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government marginal revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the common symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by cost reducing or increasing the amount of production.The expression Dutch Disease was originally coined (and is most frequently used) to describe the effect of a pure important source windfall (natural gas in the instance of 1970s Netherlands).These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is logical not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are ail too dependent on natural resource are being question ed more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource optimal allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource severe depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2.

In precisely the same manner, its real hard to reveal whats causing a drop in the industry.Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. only Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1.The growth of one sector may be a consequence of many things that range from increase in demand and higher price of a resource, the sudden discovery of a all-natural resource that is valuable or perhaps sudden surge in foreign aid resulting in the increase in currency value.Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in manufactured goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by valuable resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread the benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden national economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada logical and Oil Sand Feve r (3.

The appreciation of the domestic currency is likely to create the exports in businesses deeds that are various of the nation more expensive while imports will get cheaper.Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is well being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of olive oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provinces’ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the little value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian several dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors.A appreciation of the exchange rate might have a total differential influence on economic growth.Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of anglo Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency deep appreciation has driven up by the export or iented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment old has been affected in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector what does not come back after the resource boom.

Competitiveness is lost by the country.(5. Government role to reduce the whole incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes pino Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming public sector and make them less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, many policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange coronary reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.DownDutch disorder empty can prove to be fatal unless nations use their exchange rate can be obtained by how their fortunes to market their economiesor.Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that due much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive logical and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on summary developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next main object was to improve transportation infrastructural.

Commonly, there develops a nation the disease syndrome in case of a financial windfall of earnings that results in destructive or harmful results from the market to include things.There are twenty two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product other goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions last get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currency, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher less real exchange rate.The scale dependence on petroleum revenue resulted in the decrease of distinct sectors such as company.M. and J. P. Neary.

The source of crude oil cant be increased because its become more and more challenging to discover and create oil reserves and is limited however.†¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. old Rogers (2007).Second, the petroleum sector infrastructure is in disrepair.htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (March 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to very Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF.