Evaluate the main Problems Associated with Using Plastic Bags Essay

Assess the principle Problems Associated with Using Plastic Bags - Essay Example As the report worries in India non-biodegradable sacks bring about enduring litter at landfill locales. This is particularly hazardous to untamed life away from territories of human populace. Gathering plastic sacks isn't beneficial for squander pickers in India, and this prompts plastic packs proceeding to make a significant danger to nature. As an outcome the scene of India is overwhelmed by litter from plastic sacks. By and by, plastic records for an expected 10 percent of produced squander. This paper talks about that a portion of the litter that doesn't wind up in landfills brings about blocked depletes and gagged soil. Plastic sacks are light thus they lead to blocked channels which brings about water logging and irritation to residents. They can likewise prompt stifled soil since they are non-permeable, and don't allow the free progression of water and air, consequently making plants gag. The decaying waste from pits creates methane. The poisons present are broken down, pervades the dirt and dirties groundwater during storm downpours. Plastic sacks are photograph degradable rather than bio-degradable †which implies that they separate into little poisonous bits. This outcomes in the pollution of the ground and conduits. This turns into a heath danger to people, creatures, marine life and vegetation. Suffocation because of plastic sack isn't extraordinary, particularly in Malaysia. There have been inadvertent passings, both among little youngsters who play with sh opping sacks and teenagers who are dissolvable abusers. There have been occasions of murder cases, and the casualties are constantly newborn children or grown-ups who are slight or in critical condition and can't battle or show opposition (Perez-Martinez et al 1993). Effect on plants, creature and marine life In India dumping grounds are filled, leveled off and changed over into parks. Attributable to the way that the dirt was overwhelmingly plastic sacks, the trees couldn't stay solidly into the ground. The verdure is obliterated because of the removing of trees from the high speed winds that blow over the city during the

The papacy of Pope Francis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The papacy of Pope Francis - Research Paper Example The ongoing appointment of Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglia in 2013 as Pope Francis brings to 266 the all out number of popes throughout the entire existence of the Catholic Church. Pope Francis has consequently, served for not exactly a year. In any case, this paper centers around the papacy of Pope Francis, including the difficulties he has looked since he was chosen, just as those that he may look in future. This paper likewise addresses key issues that encompass the part of papacy in the Catholic Church, including ecclesiastical faultlessness, among others. Like different pioneers, the popes of the Catholic Church have been confronted with a plenty of difficulties. Nonetheless, every pope has tended to the difficulties in their own particular way. Moreover, Pope Francis has not been a special case. As per the International Bulletin of Missionary Research (2013), since his political decision as a pope, he has just experienced various difficulties, and is required to confront more di fficulties in future. A portion of these difficulties radiate from the congregation, and the pope is required to give a review to them. In any case, administration is one of the significant difficulties, which the pope has confronted, and will keep on looking later on. Pope Francis, being a pioneer, needs to settle on significant choices undoubtedly. For example, he needed to delegate his secretary of state. This is a senior position, which is respected second after the pope. Subsequently, naming a secretary requires the pope to have involvement with the Curia, be solid willed, and display parts of change. On the differentiation, Pope Francis is considered to have less involvement with the Curia, and shows more peaceful than administrative capacities (International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 2013). Likewise, Pope Francis needs to manage the down to earth issues of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is huge in size, in this way faces various difficulties as social and fin ancial issues, and doctrinal issues, among others. For example, the pope needs to manage all the money related undertakings of the Vatican, including the accounts that goes out and comes into the congregation. What's more, Pope Francis needs to address issues in the congregation, for example, homosexuality, separate, the situation of ladies in the congregation, and fetus removal, among others. On the part of homosexuality, Pope Francis’ late comments about homosexuality have evoked extensive debate. In spite of the fact that Pope Francis contended against making a decision about gay individuals, yet rather inviting them to the congregation, these slants were invited with reactions from those individuals, who feel that homosexuality in the public arena ought to be denounced (Montoya, 2013). By and large, Pope Francis being an otherworldly pioneer and an image of chapel solidarity, additionally faces the test of guaranteeing the security of the Catholic Church. This incorporate s him connecting with the huge number of common Catholics and keeping up the pertinence of the Catholic Church. From the beginning of time, the Catholic Church has been involved with various discussions, the greater part of which have endured even today. To start with, there is the normal Catholic contraception debate. Since the Catholic Church is known to be prolife, this backers for the restriction on contraception and premature birth. This remain of the Catholic Church in this manner, keeps on bringing about an impact among religion and general wellbeing. This additionally hampers

Management Style Qualities of a Good Manager, Situational - 550 Words

Management Style: Qualities of a Good Manager, Situational Context (Essay Sample) Content: Management StyleStudents NameInstitutional Affiliation Introduction Management is one of the seemingly easy but yet hard tasks to accomplish. In real life, managers are tasked with the responsibilities of instructing human resources and directing operations within the company. As per psychological studies, management of human beings is more of an art than a professional undertaking. The complex nature of human beings makes organizations the hardest to manage. Each individual normally carries his or her own desires, and it is therefore everyones aim to attain internal fulfillment. This situation is reflected in the daily decision making that affects some members of the team. Dissatisfaction arises when some think that they stand to gain less than others, or that their grievances were not addressed. This leads to daily conflicts wherever human beings are many. This is a primary challenge that managers need to learn how to deal with this situation on a regular basis. The art of management is therefore the ability to address issues affecting a team or organization in a rational way, leaving everyone a winner and fully satisfied (Edelenbos, Van Buuren Klijn, 2013.Qualities of a Good Manager Communication is one of the basic aspects that a manager should grasp to succeed in his duties. He should be able to communicate in a most appealing way to his juniors, as well as have good listening skills. He should be able to motivate people within the team, as well as arbitrate conflicts. In this case, creativity and innovativeness are critical factors. Professional qualification is also important in enabling him or her carry out their duties. A good manager is always committed towards the goals of an organization. Still, discipline is a top factor in ensuring that they remain true to the mission and vision of the group. Good managers are human and considerate of the employees in the organization. They do not force them to do things that may result in overwor k or injury. The implication here is that, regardless of the top priority of achieving the set goals, the process of achieving them should include fun. Above all, managers should be versatile and flexible in all sides of their management functions (Edelenbos, Van Buuren Klijn, 2013).Poor Qualities of a Manager Managers are unable to bring people together in a case where they lack the managerial skills required. In most cases, one of the hardest tasks when dealing with people is bringing them together and making them speak in one voice. Poor managerial qualities arise from the inability to communicate well or listen to the opinions of others. Furthermore, overconfidence in ones abilities often leads to a situation where flexibility is inhibited, and the result is a dictatorial kind of management that is never welcome to human beings. Lack of professional training too is a source of poor managem...

The Implications Of Management Accounting - 2362 Words

1987, Johnson and Kaplan studied the evolution of management accounting and how it has lost relevance today. In the world of technology, competitive environment many issues have escalated, therefore management accounting methods aren’t relevant. Management accounting systems used by the firms before do not apply to organisations today. Hence the reason why the two academics explored reasons why organisations need to develop the methods in which they measure their performance and costs. This essay will explore the implications of management accounting identified by Johnson and Kaplan, further suggesting two developments and whether this has addressed the issues raised of management accounting. Direct labour To begin with, lost relevance in the way people assign costs. Johnson and Kaplan (1987, p.188) identified problems of assigning direct labour to overhead costs, as to diminish overheads and ameliorate profitability in the organisations, cost centre managers wholly focused on reducing direct labour. Instead of overhead accounts, where costs are actually escalating, since little influence is made on gaining competitive advantage when reducing direct labour cost. Managers realised that any process consisting of mainly labour-intensive is expensive. In order to lessen this cost they subcontracted, as discarding direct labour cost on the suppliers is the easiest way. Leaving out significant information such as factory overhead, which isn’t driven by direct labour, thereforeShow MoreRelatedThe Issue of Accounting Entity Definition in Regards to Noms in the Area of a Public Company in the Uk1368 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper we take a specific look at the National Offender Man agement Service (NOMS) from an accounting perspective to shed light on the influence and changes involved of defining something as an accounting entity. We will look closer at and critically evaluate the issues involved in the representation of NOMS as an accounting entity. Furthermore, we will analyze the implications of the representation of NOMS as an accounting entity on definitions of organizational accountability. ThereforeRead MoreResearching Topics Of Interest Is A Key Starting Point For The Research Effort1538 Words   |  7 Pagesareas of interest for my doctoral level research. 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Life Cycle And Its Energy Demand - 3563 Words

In this section I will be discussing the product’s life cycle and its energy demand, the electrical parts and other parts included in our disassembled product, how they were manufactured, what their uses are, the products energy efficiency along with its measurements and calculations, obsolescence technology and what happens after it, how can renewable energy be implemented into our product and its positive impact on it, the advantages and disadvantages of our product and finally recycling of motor and/or heating elements and how they affect the product. Life Cycle Energy Demand: According to the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) , it defines LCA as : â€Å"an objective process used to evaluate the environmental†¦show more content†¦1) The sole plate of the steam iron: This is usually the metal thick, triangular-shaped slab of iron that forms the base over which the electric iron is built up. The sole plate is cast of molten aluminium. Some part of the mould has the holes shaped in it which creates the holes that are essential in a steam iron. Heated metal is inserted into a mould under pressure then cooled and then released. This cooled sole-plate is later on treated in several ways where it’s firstly polished then either it’s: coated with a non-stick material, or covered with another metal (usually stainless steel). To complete these processes, the sole plates are put on a large automated carousel, which rotates through each step whereas to polish the plate, an automated belt sander uses bands of abrasive to polish and buff the plate. An automated spray-painting machine is used to apply the non-stick coating. After application, the sole plate is baked in an automated industrial process. On the other hand, to coat with another metal (stainless steel), the external metal cover is created by an

Supply and Demand Essay Example For Students

Supply and Demand Essay Supply 1 The rubber supply in Japan is at an all time low. The article chosen discusses how the low supplies of rubber are not typical for the time of year. Tokyo rubber or TOCOM is the Tokyo Commodity Exchange which regulates the rubber market in Japan. A rally was held recently which was the largest in years because of the concerns about low supplies and historically low rubber stocks. The benchmark December rubber contract on the Tokyo Commodity Exchange rose as high as 169. 2 yen per kg, the priciest for TOCOMs key contract since March 11, 1996, when prices hit 174.6. At the close it was up 3.4 yen at 168.7 (TOCOM.). The contracts that are already signed between different companies for delivery from August to November of 2005 are not looking too good. The price for rubber is expected to rise five yen on the stock exchange. Julys contracts, which have no price limit, finished up seven at 189.8 yen per kg of rubber. This meant that the rubber contracts hit their life-time high. The expectations of investors in Tokyo are that the price of rubber will peak in August and begin to decrease when rubber supplies increase. The price gap of rubber between the December and July widened to 21.1 yen. Rubber supplies have been low due to a delay in shipments from Thailand. Thailand is the worlds largest manufacturer and exporter of natural rubber. The shipments of rubber have fallen due to bad weather conditions. Rubber supplies normally drop from the beginning of February which is winter and the dry season in southern Thailand. During Supply 2 this season, latex output declines because the rubber trees shed their leaves. Production in general, returns to normal by beginning of May, but the buyers are still not getting enough shipments. Japan purchases over 60 percent of its rubber imports from Thailand. Because the signs of short production, rubber stocks in Japan have decreased to the lowest level in forty years. According to the he Rubber Trade Association of Japan, Prior to June of 2005, the lowest the stock had been was back in 1962. Because of the high costs of rubber and the decrease in supply, manufacturers are considering shifting to natural rubber from expensive synthetic rubber. High oil costs have also driven up rubber costs. Because of the low supplies of rubber, companies are forced to increase the price. The demand has not risen because the need for rubber has not. By increasing the price of rubber, companies can try to make up for lost revenues. The rubber companies are also considering switching from highly priced synthetic rubber to natural rubber because of the cost difference. Natural rubber is much cheaper than synthetic rubber. Companies, who choose to make the switch, may want to consider the cost/benefit approach. For example, natural rubber is cheaper to produce but may not be as good as synthetic. The natural rubber make not be as high of quality as the synthetic rubber and therefore isnt as durable. Natural rubber may be easier to sell to the consumer because the price will be cheaper and the product will be easier to mass-produce. Considering the cost/benefit of switching rubber could be explained discussing a Supply 3 tire company. For example, suppose Goodyear had an extremely good and reliable tire made from synthetic rubber. Because costs are high, Goodyear decides to save money by switching to using natural rubber. The new tire may not hold up as well as the old and consumers begin to get into accidents. Now somebody may choose to sue Goodyear because of poor quality and because of an accident he or she may have gotten into. It may have been more cost effective to continue with the synthetic rubber and waited out the slow production period. The company may face larger expenses with a lawsuit than those of continuing with synthetic rubber. .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .postImageUrl , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:visited , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:active { border:0!important; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:active , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Oedipus Rex EssayReference Supply, Price and Demand, (Milligan, S. , Coulton, C., York, P., Register, R., 1996); New York. Report from Performance Benchmark Report, Journal of Modern Business, June 2003. pps. 23-47. The Tokyo Commodity Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.tocom.or.jp/ July 06, 2005. .

Research design Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches

Case Study Case study is a research method that is usually employed when the researcher might be interested in conducting an explorative study but not prescriptive study. In the research method, the researcher could be free to explore and tackle issues as they arise. This means that the method is flexible, which means that the researcher could address broad questions before tackling narrower questions.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The method is focuses on the context of the study implying that it employs the technique of thick description. This strategy helps in bridging the gap between the theoretical study and actual practice, which allows canvassers to offer a comparison of data (Seglin 2003, p. 8). However, the method is believed to be weak because it is too subjective. This means that the results n either could be evaluated nor could be implemented since they are the views of the researcher. Furthermore, the method is too expensive since the researcher would have to stay with the researched in order to study their behaviour. This study cannot employ the case study method because of the ethical issues. Since this is an academic research, reliability, sensitivity and issues related to biasness are to be considered seriously before proceeding to collect data (Kothari 2004, p. 71). Interview Interviewing is considered one of the effective ways of collecting data in any research design. However, a number of issues restrict the use of the method. Interview guides enables sampling because the researcher can control it easily. The researcher would easily choose who to interview based on a certain criteria. Moreover, the method is effective since it permits face-to-face interaction. Face-to-face interaction allows the researcher to extract important information from the researched that could otherwise not be extracted from them. Through interviewing, the researcher would be in a position to collect critical information that would not otherwise be captured by a questionnaire. In this proposal, interview method would be employed together with the surveying method. Additionally, the researcher might choose to use visual instruments in case interviewing would be employed.Advertising Looking for proposal on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would give valid results as compared to using survey method alone. Since the researcher would be available, he or she would ask additional questions hence acquiring additional information that would not have been captured using the questionnaire. In fact, the researcher may engage the researched in an in-depth discussion hence collecting information that is more important. This would be achieved through probing or seeking clarifications in case the researcher wo uld not understand the answers clearly. No question would be left unanswered since the researcher would ensure that the respondent answers all questions. In other words, the researcher would create enough time for the respondent to address all questions (Blumberg Schindler 2008, p. 71). In research, there is no method lacking some weaknesses. Just like all other methods, interviewing has a number of weaknesses. The method is believed to be very expensive in terms of time and resources. The researcher would be required to travel to various places in search of respondents. The method is consumes more time as compared to survey method since much time is taken to interview one respondent. Moreover, geographical features affect the method because it is impossible to reach people in some provinces, especially during rainy seasons. Finally, the method is accused of biasness because the interviewer would ask a question in a way that suggests a particular answer (Hakim 2000, p. 28). Survey Method This method would be employed in this study because it is an effective way to access a large population. In this regard, a questionnaire would be sent to various employees in various companies. Employees would be requested to give their views as regards to the position of the Chinese small firms. The technique saves time. The Proposal This proposal would take a deductive approach, which would call for the researcher to work from a known hypothesis that convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies would affect positively the economy of the country in terms of performance in the global financial system. Thus, the study would take a top down approach as compared to the inductive approach that would take an up down strategy. To realize the use of deductive approach, quantitative tools of data collection and analysis such as questionnaires and interviews would be used. Quantitative tools would be preferred as opposed to qualitative tools because they would enable the resea rcher to come up with facts, such as a hypothesis that convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies would affect the economy positively in terms of performance globally.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This would enable the researcher to test and confirm the hypothesis (Taylor 2007, p. 19). This would not be like qualitative tools that first come up with an abstract idea that is followed by creation of theories and concepts about the idea. Lastly, data in quantitative research is believed to be hard and reliable as opposed to qualitative research where data would just be rich and deep. Due to this, the study would take a positivism kind of philosophy. A positivism approach would make the researcher understand more the impact of convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies on the performanc e of the economy of China globally (Crotty 2003, p. 9). Quantitative Research This research is occasionally referred to as factual knowledge and would employ conventional arithmetical and statistical representations to compute categorical results. Physical scientists usually exploit it, though social studies, education and finance have been identified to utilize this variety of study. Quantitative researches would make use of an average design, with a little insignificant inter-subject distinction of engendering a premise to be confirmed or refuted. This hypothesis should be verifiable by mathematical and arithmetical techniques and would be the foundation around which the entire research would be calculated. The design would permit randomization of any targeted clusters as well as to organize groups to be incorporated in the research if possible. A well-designed quantitative design would influence only one variable at ago, or else statistical examination turns out to be burdensome and open to queries. In an ideal world, quantitative study would be built in a way that permits others to replicate the research and get comparable outcomes. Quantitative design is believed to be an exceptional approach to confirm results and establish or invalidate a hypothesis. The design would be selected in this research since its configuration has not changed for many years, which means it is normal across numerous technical disciplines and subjects (Parsimonious). Subsequent to statistical investigation of the outcomes, an all-inclusive response would be arrived at and the outcome would be legally conferred and published. Quantitative research furthermore would sieve peripheral aspects if suitably planned and the outcomes achieved would be perceived to be authentic and equitable. Quantitative researches are useful for testing the results obtained by a series of qualitative tests, leading to an ultimate responseAdvertising Looking for proposal on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethical Implications Ethics is considered an important aspect of any research. Ethics would mean proper or professional research, which would be conducted in the best traditions of the discipline. The research would need to observe researcher-respondent relations, which deals with the welfare of the respondent. Honesty, sincerity, justice and responsibility should guide researcher-researcher relationships meaning there should be no criticism. It should not be based on polemic, personal biases or collective interests. Professional ethics means accuracy in data collection, data processing and application of relevant research methods. In this study, issues related to ethics would be addressed by giving relevant notice to the researched. The study population should also be amicably informed in order to get prepared for the study. To brief respondents is usually important because it could perhaps enhance reliability of the study. It would also be ethical to inform people before proceedin g to reseacrh on them. The findings should always be made public to the researched, as one way of ensuring morality in the study. Furthermore, the researcher should always observe research ethics by keeping away from criticism (Creswell 2003, p 40). Research Design There would be two key methods used to gather information in this proposal. The first one would be through a questionaire, which would be administered online to employees in various companies within the Chinese financial system. The questionaire would seek to capture various attutudes of employees regarding convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies. The questionnaire would have four Parts. The first part would seek to capture the biodata information of respondents. The second part would deal with the demography and gender of the respondents. This would be to ascertain the prevalence of views in varoius categories in order to ensure that if any differences would come about, then they would be captured in their d emographic space. The third part would deal with academic credentials and work experience of employees. The motivation for this section would come from the understanding that different sections of population would respond differently to change, based on age and academic credentials. The fourth part would delve on the specific issues relating to the convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies, starting from the understanding of the concept to the possible effects it would have on the economy. The questionaire would also employ a mix of open ended and closed ended questions to capture different aspects of issues studied. Open ended questions would be used because they give respondents more time to figure out their opinions, which would make them volunteer more information related to feelings, outlooks and comprehension of the subject. This would allow the researcher to understand the position of respondents as regards to their feelings towards convergence or divergence of Chi nese small companies (Wittner 2003, p. 12). Open ended questions would minimize some errors that could have been created in the course of research. Respondents would rarely forget answers if given an opportunity to respond freely. Furthermore, respondents could not ignore some questions because they must go through all of them. Open ended questions would generate data that could be used in data analysis by other researchers. In other words, they would allow secondary data analysis. On the other hand, closed-ended questions would be analyzed easily. That is why they would be used in this study. Each response could be coded for statistical interpretation. Nonetheless, closed-ended questions would be compatible with computer analysis package. The technique would be more specific meaning that its answers would be consistent in all conditions. This aspect would be impossible with open-ended questions because each respondent would be allowed to use his or her own words. Finally, closed-en ded questions would take less time to administer unlike open-ended questions, which would be detailed hence time consuming (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill 2009, p. 11). Rationale The questionnaire would be sent to respondents through the internet that is, the researcher would mail the questions to respective respondents. The researcher arrived at this decision after considering time and reseources. The method is costless and less time consuming. Furthmore, the method would allow respondents to reflect on the questions and answer them accurately. Employing research assistants would be problematic because of the complexity of the study. Many people would be reluctant to give their views freely. The method is ineffective because answers would not be independent. The respondent could not have filled the questions personally. Moreover, the method would be affected by the respondent’s level of literacy. One big disadvantage of the technique is that there would be no interaction between the researcher and the researched. This would mean that respondent’s reactions would not be captured. Reactions are important because they give more information regarding the feelings of respondents. Therefore, it was justifiable for the researcher to employ interviews to reinforce the survey method. Generally, the survey technique is considered more applicable where the researcher is interested in numbers, not deep feelings of the respondent. In this study, the researcher would be interested in identifying the number of employees who feel convergence or divergence of Chinese small companies would be the suitable method of acquiring global economic advantage (Xenos Moy 2007, p 34). List of References Blumberg, C Schindler, D 2008, Business Research Methods, New York, McGraw-Hill. Creswell, J 2003, Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches, Sage, Thousand Oaks. Crotty, M 2003, The Foundations of Social Research: meaning and perspective in the research process, Sage, London. Hakim, C 2000, Research Design: Sucessful Designs for Social and Economic Research, Routledge, New York. Kothari, R 2004, Research methodology: methods and techniques, New Age International, New Delhi. Saunders, M, Lewis, P Thornhill, A 2009, Research Methods for Business Students, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Seglin, J. 2003, The Right Thing: Conscious, Profit and Personal Responsibility in Today’s Business, Spiro Press, New York. Taylor, S 2007, Business Statistics, Palgrave Basingstoke. Wittner, P 2003, The European Generics Outlook: A Country-by-Country Analysis of Developing Market Opportunities and Revenue Defense Strategies, Datamonitor, London. Xenos, M Moy, P 2007, Direct and differential effects of the internet on political and civic engagement, Journal of communication, Vol. 57, no. 1, p 34. This proposal on Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches was written and submitted by user Cypher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Managing People The Case of Virgin Atlantic

Managing People The Case of Virgin Atlantic Introduction The aviation industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors of the global economy. This rapid growth has brought forth both opportunities and challenges.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing People: The Case of Virgin Atlantic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, the increasing demand for air transport has enabled this industry to remain productive even in the face of financial uncertainty (Boxall Purcell 2012). On the other hand, the threat of new entrants (particularly the low-cost airliners) has intensified completion (Balmforth 2009). As such, the momentum of change and the shifting landscape has increased the need for a new generation of leaders (Bratton Good 2012). One of the challenges that the airline CEO faces now is adopting strategic practices that will facilitate talent management. Virgin Atlantic is one of the most progressive airliners that h ave maintained their competitive edge despite the turbulences in the aviation industry. The company has experienced unprecedented growth over the years by expanding into various global destinations. Virgin Atlantic stands out as one of the most successful companies in the United Kingdom in terms of market value and competiveness. The company’s success story means that it has adopted sound human resource practices to sustain its growth (Balmforth 2009). Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have asserted that the human resource function plays a significant role in enhancing productivity, which translates into profitability.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This report will review the human resources practices that Virgin Atlantic has adopted over the years to maintain its competitiveness. The report will emphasize the role of employee involvement and engagement. In add ition, the ensuing discussions will also analyse the leadership styles that are effective in encouraging employee involvement and engagement in the company. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has increasing become a norm in HRM practices. This report will also analyse the role of SHRM with particular reference to the delegation of HR functions to the line managers. Finally, the analysis will provide recommendations for enhancing the current HR practices. Employee Engagement and Involvement The airline industry is safety-sensitive, extremely competitive and technology –intensive. The combination of these aspects has critical implications for players in the sector in relation to organizational culture, strategy and management. The traditional top-down model of governance, operations and policy is increasingly becoming archaic and inappropriate (McLeod Clarke 2009). The high knowledge base that characterises this service market calls for flexible and transformational le adership. In addition, the trend of globalisation has also necessitated the development of diversity policies to provide equal employment opportunities (Frees 2008). The HRM function is now imperative in selecting and retaining a workforce that meets the changing demands of customers (Armstrong Taylor 2014). The threat of new entrants, coupled with the rising costs of fuel and operations has increased competition in the airline industry. Consequently, some airliners have recorded massive losses due to poor performance.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing People: The Case of Virgin Atlantic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The affected companies may recover, stagnate, or close down depending on the strategy adopted in such tough situations (Getenby et al. 2009). Virgin Atlantic has also encountered these challenges although the company has remained productive. Conversely, the company should enhance its employe e involvement and engagement practices to maintain a comparative and competitive advantage. This goal is essential considering the stiff competition from Asian and Middle East-based airliners (Balmforth 2009). Employee engagement has moved to the forefront as one of the most viable HRM practices. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on a single definition of employee engagement (McLeod Clarke 2009). Firstly, Markos and Sridevi (2010) have defined employee engagement as the ability and willingness of the employees to support the realisation of the organizational goals. Secondly, Frees (2008) conceptualises this concept as the active involvement in work-related tasks with passion and enthusiasm. Thirdly, Endres and Mancheno-Smoak (2008) have hypothesised employee engagement in terms of employees’ perceptions and values. The common theme of these multiple definitions is the two-way relationships between the employers and their employees (Frees 2008). The divergent views in the HR discourses do not demean the value of employee engagement. On the contrary, all HR managers concede that employee engagement generates positive organizational outcomes (Daniels, Davis Shipton 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The employees engaged and involved in decision-making processes are more productive than those who are not (Markos Sridevi 2010). Armstrong and Taylor (2014) found out that employee engagement reduced the rate of turnover and absenteeism significantly. Further, Frees (2008) has demonstrated that enhances the quality of customer service. The ongoing advances in technology have laid the foundation of innovation. Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have argued that employee engagement increases the level of satisfaction, which is a prerequisite of innovative behaviour. The primary concern is that the majority of companies (if not all) do not encourage employee engagement. MacLeod and Clarke (2009) underscored the critical role of an engaged workforce in both individual well-being and organisational success. Conversely, Gatenby et al. (2009) have found out that organization and companies in the UK do not value employee engagement. The principal concern is that HR consultants and professionals have limited knowledge about the application of employee engagement. According to MacLeod and Clarke, three aspects underpin the concept of employee engagement. These issues include the commitment to organizational values and goals, motivation and personal development. Virgin Atlantic should promote employee engagement in various ways. First, the airliner should encourage an entrepreneurial culture within its system. The increasing trend towards air travel has presented growth opportunities. One area that the management should focus on is the promotion of personalised services. An entrepreneurial environment will allow performing employees to recommend new starters for the company (Frees 2008). For example, the flight attendants can participate in the development of in-flight protocols. Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have argued that an entrepreneurial culture motivates the employees to make real contributions to organizational growth, in addition to influencing the strategic direction . Second, the competitive business environment inherent in the aviation industry calls for more productivity and efficiency than before. Although the unprecedented advances in technology will revolutionise the service market, they demand employees who posses superior professional and technical skills (Endres Mancheno-Smoak 2008). The CEOs cannot manage the highly knowledge-based workforce using the outdated system of totalitarian management. By contrast, these individuals expect a high level of job satisfaction, motivation and operational autonomy (Markos Sridevi 2010). In essence, Frees (2008) has noted that the current management practices are shifting focus to the employees. Virgin Atlantic should promote employee engagement by involving them in decision-making processes. Third, Virgin Atlantic should develop a two-way communication to enhance employee engagement. The aviation industry is dynamic and fluid considering the ongoing advances in technology and consumer demands (Bal mforth 2009). As such, Virgin Atlantic will have to implement change progressively and continuously to adapt to both internal and external pressures (McLeod Clarke 2009). Effectual change management requires the active involvement of the employees in making strategic decisions from planning to implementation (Armstrong Taylor 2014). The Virgin Atlantic top management should adopt a consistent and clear communication of the company’s strategic direction. This strategy should also include the role of the employees in bringing this goal to fruition. Both the HR managers and employees recognise the fact that effectual communication can have a revolutionary and dramatic effect on organizational performance and productivity (Bakker Schaufeli 2008). Markos and Srivedi (2010) have asserted that interactions within the organization influence the direction of all strategic decisions. Effective communication is especially crucial when planning and implementing changes (Boxall Purcel l 2012). Virgin Atlantic should develop systems that enhance internal communication between executives and the employees. These initiatives should pay more attention on the input of junior staff. The free flow of information and mutual trust will help the company to implement change. Fourth, Virgin Atlantic should establish a robust performance management system of providing feedback. Change is a continuous process that mandates constant monitoring and evaluation to identify gaps and opportunities (Frees 2008). The company should conduct regular surveys to determine the factors that drive engagement. Endres and Mancheno-Smoak (2008) have shown that this activity enables the HR and line managers to concentrate on the aspects of engagement that have a fundamental influence on the employees. The top management should use the evidence from the surveys to develop SMART (Specific-Measurable-Accountable-Realistic-Time bound) action-oriented plans. Further, it is essential for the top manag ement to demonstrate their commitment to employee engagement. Gonos and Gallo (2013) have opined that the followers are often sceptical when the top management does not believe in employee engagement. In fact, Frees (2008) has found out the actions taken by leaders influence the direction of their followers. For example, the Virgin Atlantic CEO should lead by example by owning the process before passing it down to the low-level managers and employees. According to Markos and Sridevi (2010), lip services that are not commensurate with commitment portray employee engagement as a corporate or HR fad. Thus, the top management of Virgin Atlantic should match their words with actions. Strategic Human Resource Management The HR function is increasingly becoming an integrated component of strategic thinking considering the role that employees play in the realization of organizational goals (Henderson 2011). The role of employees in supporting the achievement of strategic objectives has supp orted the introduction and development of the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). SHRM evolved in the 1990s to facilitate the promotion of a value-driven, integrative, and proactive approach to human resource management (Reyner 2009). The primary goal of SHRM is to assimilate HR practices into the organizational strategy. Thus, SHRM is crucial to facilitate the active participation of employees in making strategic decisions (Henderson 2011). Virgin Atlantic faces the challenge of making strategic decisions just like the other players in the industry. Most airliners are now outsourcing some of the previously held in-house functions to respond adequately to industry fluctuations (Wang Wang 2015). One of these approaches has been the adoption of the Shared Services approach. This strategic decision has helped Virgin Atlantic to expand its services to the international markets (Balmforth 2009). Conversely, Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have found out that most companies do not in clude the HR functions in the development of their strategic plans. Consequently, the employees are often dissatisfied or resist change because they do not own the strategic processes (Ramphal 2011). The SHRM should assume a crucial role in employee engagement and participation processes. Mergers and acquisitions (MA) have become prevalent in the aviation and other industries. The essence of MA is to enhance productivity and efficiency by rationalising the use of scarce resources (Claydon Beardwell 2007). Virgin Atlantic merged with Delta Airlines in 2013 as a means of reducing costs and enhancing the delivery of transatlantic services. The transatlantic partnership was critical to counter the competition from its fiercest rival, the British Airways (Gregory 2014). Despite its benefits, this merger has brought to the limelight practical challenges. For instance, Delta may decide to realign the HR function since it will own 49% of Virgin Atlantic’s shares. Such an action migh t result into employee rationalisation to reduce costs. The scenario presented above highlights the significance of adopting the SHRM by Virgin Atlantic. The elemental concern is that the failure to adopt efficient HR practices during the development of Shared Services and MA contributes to failure (Creasy, Stull Peck 2009). The primary function of the HR managers is to facilitate employee engagement and participation during the change processes (Denison, Adkins Guidroz 2011). According to Rayner (2009), the achievement of this goal necessitates the development of HR systems that are both adaptable and compatible with the strategic choices. Virgin Atlantic continues to undergo significant transformations to remain productive and competitive. As such, it is essential for the company to increase the scope of SHRM practices. The adoption of the SHRM function will require the inclusion and involvement of HR managers in strategic decision-making processes. The HR managers should not be bystanders but rather equal partners alongside the other senior managers (Creasy et al. 2009). Denison et al. (2011) have found out that such opportunities ensure that the HR managers present the employees’ concerns from the outset. The misrepresentation of employees amounts to a violation of labour laws. Virgin Atlantic will avoid the consequences of litigation if it addresses the demands of workers before implementing strategic decisions. One of the areas that the company should optimise on is the delegation of some of the HR practices to the line managers. The line managers have a frequent and direct contact with employees. As such, these employees are more conversant with the needs of these employees than the senior HR managers do (Purcell Hutchinson 2007). Some of the functions of the line managers include interviewing prospective candidates and making recommendations for salary increments (Frees 2008). Nonetheless, the company should only assign the HR duties to the l ine managers who have appropriate skills and competencies. The senior HR managers should form strategic partnerships with the line managers. This collaboration will facilitate the provision of resources and training to ensure that the HR practices are in line with the established policies (McLeod Clarke 2009). Another crucial component of SHRM that Virgin Atlantic should consider is the development of an innovative selection and recruitment system. The competitive and dynamic nature of the airline industry mandates the identification of appropriate talents to realise organisational goals. A rigorous recruitment and selection system creates a sense of high expectations about performance (Marchington Wilkinson 2012). The mismatch between organisational demands and personal capabilities increases the risk of poor performance (McLeod Clarke 2009). The company should complement these efforts by developing comprehensive career development and training programmes. For instance, the pilo ts should undergo in-house training regularly to update their skills of using modern technologies. Finally, the trend of globalisation has diversified global communities. This diversity also manifests in HR practices (Markos Sridevi 2010). Virgin Atlantic must adopt and implement inclusion policies to provide equal employment opportunities by promoting a distinctive corporate culture. An organizational culture that emphasises mutual respect will enable the company to achieve its strategic goals (Frees 2008). Such customs will make the company attractive to both customers and prospective employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. Markos Sridevi (2010) have indicated that companies improve their performance and productivity when they harmonise organizational cultures. Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have noted that the poor management of diverse cultures causes conflict. Personal Reflections on Effective Leadership Styles The preceding sections have highlighted the significance of emp loyee engagement and strategic human resource management (SHRM). The common theme between these two components is the employer-employee relationships, particularly the interaction between managers and the junior staff. These aspects then bring to the forefront the issue of leadership. The volatility and uncertainty in the aviation industry call for a new style of leadership to facilitate innovative thinking and change management. The human resource executives should assume a leading role in developing the required generation of leaders. The starting point will entail the alignment of strategic priorities with the future demands for skilled talent. Employee engagement is one of the primary functions of change management. It is imperative to reiterate the fact that the airline industry will continue to encounter massive transformations. Conversely, the successful implementation of change will require leaders who are both transformative and visionary (Marquez 2007). Transformational le adership is central in management discourses and is the most applied style in modern society. A transformational leader influences the actions of followers by transforming their attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about change (Gonos Gallo 2013). One of the major challenges faced by many organizations is achieving constant productivity and profitability. A transformational leader identifies the need for change and rallies followers towards realizing change (Alkahtani, Abu-Jared Suleiman 2010). The critical pillars of transformational leadership are visionary and coaching leadership styles (Chen Chen 2008). Virgin Atlantic will continue to experience continuous change. Nonetheless, not all the employees will be receptive to the change initiatives. The company CEO and other senior managers should adopt the transformational leadership style to influence planning and implementation processes efficiently. These leaders should share their visions and goals with the employees through co nsultations and active engagement. According to Gonos and Gallo (2013), transformational and visionary leaders do not impose change on their followers. The rapid transformations and advances in technology necessitate the development of continuous education programmes for the employees. These initiatives will ensure that the employees have the requisite skills and competencies that are in tandem with modern practices (Bakker Schaufeli 2008). The changing landscape of the airline industry has created the urgency for transformation. The top management of Virgin Atlantic should coach and train the employees to enhance productivity and profitability. The company cannot compete favourably in the volatile market unless it has highly skilled personnel. Marquez (2007) has affirmed that a transformative and visionary leader does not give orders and wait for progress reports. By contrast, such leaders are part of the operations team and lead by example (Purcell Hutchinson 2007). Leadership a nd management are common terms in academic and business discourses that generate divergent viewpoints. These discussions often centre on the perceived differences and similarities between the two concepts (Gonos Gallo 2013). Several definitions exist regarding theories, styles and attributes of leadership and management. Both leadership and management emphasize the coordination of the HR functions (Chen Chen 2008). The only difference lies in the manner in the coordination processed. While managers control the realisation of organizational goals, leaders influence people to embrace change (Alkahtani, Abu-Jared Suleiman 2010). The Virgin Atlantic CEO and other line managers should strike a balance between the two to achieve optimal outcomes. Conclusion Employee engagement has moved to the forefront as one of the most viable HRM practices. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on a single definition of employee engagement. Despite these contentions, employee management is a critical c omponent of human resource management. The concept of employee engagement is particularly crucial in the airline industry considering the dynamic and competitive nature of this service sector. Virgin Atlantic is one of the prominent airliners in the UK and across the globe. Although the company has remained productive and competitive, the external threats will most likely challenge this hegemony. As such, the company should adopt a strategic plan to remain afloat in a highly competitive market place. Virgin Atlantic should encourage employee engagement practices by fostering effective communication and interactions. Conversely, employee engagement is a complex and long-term process. The company will achieve this goal if it adopts broad cultural and organizational strategies that involves employees at all the organizational levels. The company should align these initiatives with the human resource practices. Change is inevitable in the aviation industry but the employees should be pa rt of the transformations. The company CEO and managers should foster transformational leadership styles to influence the employees to adapt to the change successfully. In conclusion, collaboration, strong communication and mutual trust should form the basis for implementing employee engagement. Reference List Alkahtani, AH, Abu-Jared, I Suleiman, M 2010, ‘The impact of personality and leadership styles on leading change capability of Malaysian managers’, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70-99. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S 2014, Armstrongs handbook of human resource management practice, 13th edn, Kogan Page, London. Bakker, AB Schaufeli, WB 2008, ‘Positive organizational behaviour: engaged employees in flourishing organizations’, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 147–154. Balmforth, J 2009, Virgin Atlantic, Hersham, Midland. Boxall, P Purcell, J 2012, Strategy and human resource managem ent , 4th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Bratton, J Good, J 2012, Human resource management theory and practice, 5th edn, Palgrave MacMillian, Hampshire Chen, KJ Chen, SI 2008, ‘Personal traits and leadership styles of Taiwan’s higher educational institution in innovative operations’, Journal of American Academy of Business, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 145-150. Claydon, T Beardwell, J 2007, Human resource management: a contemporary approach, 5th edn, Prentice Hall, New York. Creasy, T, Stull, M Peck, S 2009, ‘Understanding employee-level dynamics within the merger and acquisition process’, Journal of General Management, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 21–42. Daniels, K., Davis, A Shipton, H 2008, Strategic HRM: building research based practice, Aston Centre for Human Resources, London. Denison, DR, Adkins, B Guidroz, AM 2011, ‘Managing cultural integration in cross-border mergers and acquisitions’, Advances in Global Leadership, vol. 6, no . 4, pp. 95-115. Endres, GM Mancheno-Smoak, L 2008, ‘The human resource craze: human performance improvement and employee engagement’, Organizational Development Journal, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 69-78. Frees, M 2008, ‘The word is out: we need an active performance concept for modern workplaces’, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 67–69. Getenby, M, Rees, C, Soane, EC Truss, K 2009, Employee engagement in context, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Gonos, J Gallo, P 2013, ‘Model for leadership style evaluation’, Management, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 157-168. Gregory, M 2014, Dirty tricks: British Airways secret war against Virgin Atlantic, Hersham, Midland. Henderson, I 2011, Human resource management for MBA students, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. MacLeod, D Clarke, N 2009, Engaging for success: enhancing performance through employee engagement, Office of Public Sector Information, London. Marchington, M Wilkinson, A 2012, Human resource management at work: people management and development, 5th edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Markos, S Sridevi, MS 2010, ‘Employment engagement: the key to improving performance’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 89-96. Marquez, JF 2007, ‘On impassionate leadership: a comparison between leaders from divergent walks of life’, International Journal of Leadership Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 98-125. Purcell, J Hutchinson, S 2007, ‘Front-line managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: theory, analysis and evidence’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 3-20. Ramphal, RR 2011, ‘A quality framework for services in shared service environments’, Journals of Contemporary Management, vol. 8, no. 21, pp. 223-238. Rayner, C 2009, Managing and leading people, 2nd edn, Chartered Instit ute of Personnel and Development, London. Wang, S Wang H 2015, ‘Shared services management: critical factors’, International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 37-53.

The Leadership Experience in 21st Century Research Paper

The Leadership Experience in 21st Century - Research Paper Example In such situations, the leaders need to communicate with the staffs properly. By this process, the leaders try to improve the relationship of the employees with the company. As per the author Drucker, in the 21st century, the organizational leaders act as a mediator between the managers and the employees. They contribute to building the strong relationship with organizational members. The leaders need to perform a wide range of responsibilities and duties for facilitating the business in holding their position in the competitive market. Most of the decisions of an organization are taken by its management team. The leaders need to communicate the decisions properly to the employees and take their feedbacks. Ineffective communication of company’s decision affects its productivity and employees performances. The leaders are responsible for managing these issues. They use advanced technologies for making the employees aware of the activities and functions of the firm. In the moder n business, employees are focusing more on the flexible rules and benefits which the companies are offering to them. It has become a vital challenge for the leader to understand what flexible rules and benefits will help the firm to retain its employees and increase its productivity. In the present scenario, staffs tend to leave their jobs frequently if they are not satisfied with the organization. Lack of skilled labour hampers the growth of the company. The leaders of 21st century develop strategies for retaining organizational members.

Modern Misogyny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Misogyny - Essay Example Our status, politics, educational systems, and advertising are littered with the not so subtle remnants of misogyny. Though the new feminism has fought to correct these notions of prejudice and scorn, we must wonder if any progress has been made. A daily newspaper, a television show, or a pop recording will reveal the undercurrent of misogyny that flows beneath the sea of women's rights. Religion and mythology have been the most ardent perpetrators of misogyny throughout history. In the biblical story of the Garden of Eden, Eve is blamed for Adams's downfall. According to Dr. Gary Macy, professor of theology at the University of San Diego, during the Middle Ages the Catholic Church used its power, ancient texts, and the rewriting of canon law to "make misogyny an official part of church doctrine" (Rigby). Women were not only barred from the priesthood, but Macy adds that canon law "expressly forbid any woman from serving as a ruler, politician, or judge because of the fact that women were too stupid to understand the law" (qtd. in Rigby). This attitude of misogyny has lasted through the centuries as we see the under-representation of women in positions of corporate, political, and public leadership. The Catholic Church did not have a monopoly on misogyny in history. One of the most brutally misogynist religions has been Islam. Aristotle viewed women as defective, void of shame, false of speech, and inferior to the male. His writings influenced later Muslim theologians and Arab philosophers. According to Hashmi, the difference between pre-modern misogyny and modern Islam is difficult to discern and notes that, "There is hardly any difference between the misogynic expositions by Aristotle and a village mullah1 in Bangladesh". The Taliban in the Afghanistan region have exemplified this doctrine and the status of Islamic women in Saudi Arabia has also suffered under these beliefs. The misogyny that infiltrates the world's religions has been a "Pandora's Box" for politics. The US democratic form of government has offered little protection. When first formed in the 18th century, women had no more rights outside the churches than within them. The witch trials had confirmed men's suspicions of a woman's power and were reluctant to share their God given domain of rule. Women could not vote, own property, or participate in the economy. They could not hold public office. To date there has not been a woman President or Vice-President. Nancy Pelosi became the first female to become Speaker of the House in spite of her gender. Women make up 50% of the voting public, yet they hold less than 10% of the Congressional seats and only 1% of the Senate ("Minorities and Women"). Once misogyny was released from the box, it became a difficult task to put it back in its place. Centuries of legitimized misogyny have also infected the economic system. We hear of the 'glass ceiling' and the wage disparity between male and female workers performing the same duties. What is often overlooked are the subtler ways that the misogynist attitudes affect women. In our education system we have recently heard a Harvard University President propose that, "because Harvard draws only from the very top, it would be understandable that very few women would be found there" (Nelson). The misogyny in the Universities works its way into the boardrooms and decision-making processes of our economy. The public's lack of concern

Edgar Allen Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Edgar Allen Poe - Essay Example Montresor presents himself as an honorable man from a high social class. He tells that his family has deep roots, that "the Montresors, were a great and numerous family" (Poe, n.d.). To add significance of his social position, he tells the motto of his family which is "Nemo me impune lacessit" Poe. N.d.). Montresor presents himself as a good-natured man who does everything to protect his dignity. This is in itself perhaps not the most exalted of literary ambitions, though it is remarkably difficult for an author to avoid crossing the boundary from the terrifying to the merely laughable. It seems that Montresor has a perfect breeding and tries to prove his position protecting his good name. Montresor presents himself as a judge who condemns his friend Fortunato to death. Taking into account his appearance and costume, it is evident that his representation of himself does not coincide with his true nature. Poe depicts him in black silk mask which symbolizes evil nature of Montresor: "thus speaking, Fortunato possessed himself of my arm; and putting on a mask of black silk and drawing a roquelaire closely about my person, I suffered him to hurry me to my palazzo" (Poe. N.d.). Montresor tries to persuade readers and himself that the death of Fortunato is the only possible way to avenge. Poe depicts that the character of Montresor does not show remorse for his thoughts and plans trying to kill his friend. Poe underlines that the experienced world in this sense is a human creation, the product of the activity of the mind, Montresor's personality. Montresor explains that: "I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong" (Poe, n.d.). Poe's secure grasp of the subtleties of his environment is evident, but it is far more than a mere transcription of particulars. For while deploying descriptive detail in the conventional realistic way to build up a rich and convincing impression of the murder and the world he creates, Poe uses realism. Montresor himself shows only a desire to be alone. This suggests that Montresor's view of his own cruelty is a fearful one, that he is terrified and disgusted by it. "The clues are part of the larger "system" or "demonstration" motif of the story: Montresor, the diabolical rationalist, systematically demonstrates again and again that the arriviste, Fortunato, does not know, cannot distinguish" (Bloom, 1987, p 55). The plan of getting revenge consists of several stages in order to avoid suspicion and possible punishment. The date of the revenge has been carefully thought. Carnival is a time when people (servants) do not care much about their duties. For this reason, Montresor sends the servants away to the celebration. Montresor knows that Fortunato admires good wine and for this reason he ensnares him proposing to taste Amontillado. Montresor tells Fortunato "You have been imposed upon. And as for Luchresi, he cannot distinguish Sherry from Amontillado" (Poe. N.d.). this base flattery helps Montresor to pursued his victim to join him and drink little wine. The next step planed by Montresor is to astonish his victim. "The Amontillado!" ejaculated my friend, not yet recovered from his astonishment" (Poe, n.d.). After these words, Montresor

Rewriting The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow Wallpaper Essays

Rewriting   "The Yellow Wallpaper"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman rank as two of the most outstanding champions of women's rights who were active during the nineteenth century. Both professed a deep and personal faith and both were wise enough and secure enough to develop their own ideas and relationship with their creator. In 1895 Stanton published The Woman's Bible, her personal assault on organized religion's strangle-hold on the women of the world. Gilman published her short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" in 1892. She wrote the story, she said, "to save people from being driven crazy" (Golden 52). The heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper" finds her only escape from the oppression of a condescending spouse is a headlong descent into madness. Stanton and Gilman met at least once, about 1896 according to Gilman's autobiography. "Of the many people I met during these years I was particularly impressed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. To have been with her . . . seemed to establish connection with a splendid period of real heroism" (Gilman 216). Perhaps if the philosophies of these two great women were to come together, at the perfect moment, they would possess the potential to save the heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper." The following scenario might prove feasible. ---------- An Obstacle Charlotte Perkins Gilman l I was climbing up a mountain-path With many things to do, Important business of my own, And other people's too, When I ran against a Prejudice That quite cut off my view. ---------- The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman amended, with apologies, by Margaret A. Stanton ---------- The heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper"... ... Elizabeth Cady Stanton/ Susan B. Anthony: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches. Schocken Books, NY: 1981. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison: 1990. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, "The Yellow Wallpaper" The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Second Edition. Gen. Ed. Paul Lauter. D. C. Heath and Co., Lexington, MA: 1994. Golden, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper . The Feminist Press at The City University of NY: 1992. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Woman's Bible. NY European Pub. Co.: 1895-98. Northeastern U. P., Boston: 1993. Note 1 The poem "An Obstacle" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is used as an epigraph by Catherine Golden, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper (The Feminist Press: NY City UP, 1992) vii.   

Frankenstein Mary Shelly Essay

   She is a reminder that even though he gave his monster life she is still dead. It is possible he feels responsible for her death on some level, and now he’s responsible for this monster. Shelly focuses the entire dream on death and those close to Frankenstein. It gives the impression that everyone close to Frankenstein’s heart is tainted even his child and creation. In this paragraph Frankenstein is described as being trapped, too scared to venture into his house. Instead he is confined to the courtyard, waiting with wide eyes to escape onto the streets. Shelly describes the morning just as dismally as the night; rain, cold, depressed atmosphere, but the light is growing. Morning arriving is a portrayal of hope. Once Frankenstein is released onto the streets he walks around quickly, with some unknown purpose. His eyes are ringed with sleep, he moves almost erratically, trying to find something and yet avoiding his monster. Shelly shows a paranoid man, running. He’s drenched and shivering from cold, on the point of breaking down. The picture is unwelcoming and uncomforting. Frankenstein is isolated by the rain and darkness of the black sky. Frankenstein’s aimless expedition continues, he speeds along pelted by rain, but time only trickles by. It seems he hopes that his stinging eyes and aching legs will numb his troubled mind. Mary Shelly quotes a poem â€Å"The Ancient Mariner†. It fits the story so perfectly it appears as though it could have been her inspiration for this description. It describes a terrified man scared of what’s following him. His follower is said to be a â€Å"frightful fiend†, like Frankenstein’s monster, close to him like a friend but evil, waiting to creep up on him. The poem itself is about sailors searching for land, searching for an albatross to lead them to safety. Frankenstein is also lost in the dark winding streets of Ingolstadt desperate for help. Mary Shelly brings the tension up almost as high as it can go in this section of the chapter. To keep the story flowing she cuts through the suspense with a stinger. Cleval arrives signifying the start of a new stage in the story. Frankenstein is on the point of breaking down when his old friend appears. Cleval’s arrival brings Frankenstein around and lightens the mood; soon the monster is almost forgotten. Shelly stops using oppressive descriptions and starts describing Frankenstein’s interactions with his old friend. The reader moves from Frankenstein’s shoes to an outsider, watching the story unfold. Frankenstein is twitching and restless, terrified that the monster is still in his apartment. He acts childishly in front of Cleval making him wait downstairs while he checks to see if his nightmare is gone. Frankenstein throws open doors and charges into rooms ready to confront his ghouls and demons. Once he realizes that the monster isn’t there he becomes giddy with joy. Mary Shelly procedes too describe him as feverish and unsettled. This is noticed by Cleval, alarmed by his ostentatious laughter and wild darting eyes. Frankenstein’s mind may be more at ease, like the reader’s, but he’s obviously feeling uncomfortable showing that the threat isn’t gone. Frankenstein had been malnourished and sleep deprived for many months, and in the last few weeks leading up to the reanimation of his assembled body his life was barely there. Mary Shelly shows Frankenstein as being delirious and senseless, almost wild in the way he moved and did things. Frankenstein is finally overcome by exhaustion and he breaks down, which in turn develops into a feverish illness that renders Frankenstein helplessly weak for months. Shelly allows the necessary time for him to recover which is vital for the story. She had made the story so tense but it needed to continue on, so Frankenstein’s illness allows the tension to simmer and the plot to progress onto the next chapter. As he slowly recovers things finally return to normal. Shelly gradually stops using depressing worlds like â€Å"gloom and â€Å"dismal† which were frequent occurrences in the winter months. Instead she describes the holly springtime and plants with buds growing symbolizing new life and a new beginning for Frankenstein. In conclusion, Mary Shelly uses numerous techniques to achieve the right amount of suspense and atmosphere in this chapter. She frequently applies gothic machinery to her descriptions. Shelly distorts the light the increase suspense and consistently describes drab and dreary weather to give an underlying base of gloom. Shelly continuously shows Frankenstein as being terrified, mad with fear yet relentless. His strange behaviour unnerves the reader. Shelly uses longer sentences throughout this chapter to make it appear that the time spent between the reanimation and meeting Cleval even longer. Shelly carefully uses the poem â€Å"The Ancient Mariner† (which mirrors the Frankenstein’s situation) to cut the tension in the middle of the chapter allowing it to peak then plateau. Shelly moves the reader from the point of view of Frankenstein to the point of an outsider several times, not literally, but by increasing the tension and allowing it to fall, the reader occasionally feels as though they are there with Frankenstein. Shelly does all of this seamlessly, not letting any style or technique stand out and draw away from the seemingly natural flow of the chapter, and still developing the atmosphere terrifically throughout.   Jessica Williamson English – 1574 24/10/2005 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Factors that Influence a Childs Engagement in the Classroom

There are many factors that can positively and negatively influence a child’s engagement in the classroom. One of the biggest factors is poverty. There are nearly fifty million Americans living in poverty. Poverty has a huge impact on many aspects of a child’s life, one of them being his or her learning in the classroom. Children from low-income homes have different backgrounds and needs than those from middle-class environments that can influence their ability to concentrate, pay attention, and interact with peers during school. Poverty impacts a child’s health and nutrition, vocabulary, effort, mind-set, cognition, relationships, and ability to handle stressful situations. Living day to day can be a struggle for those living in poverty, so it is a lot to expect these children to be able to function perfectly in a classroom setting. Nutrition plays a significant role in children’s functioning. 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