The Implications Of Management Accounting - 2362 Words

1987, Johnson and Kaplan studied the evolution of management accounting and how it has lost relevance today. In the world of technology, competitive environment many issues have escalated, therefore management accounting methods aren’t relevant. Management accounting systems used by the firms before do not apply to organisations today. Hence the reason why the two academics explored reasons why organisations need to develop the methods in which they measure their performance and costs. This essay will explore the implications of management accounting identified by Johnson and Kaplan, further suggesting two developments and whether this has addressed the issues raised of management accounting. Direct labour To begin with, lost relevance in the way people assign costs. Johnson and Kaplan (1987, p.188) identified problems of assigning direct labour to overhead costs, as to diminish overheads and ameliorate profitability in the organisations, cost centre managers wholly focused on reducing direct labour. Instead of overhead accounts, where costs are actually escalating, since little influence is made on gaining competitive advantage when reducing direct labour cost. Managers realised that any process consisting of mainly labour-intensive is expensive. In order to lessen this cost they subcontracted, as discarding direct labour cost on the suppliers is the easiest way. 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Life Cycle And Its Energy Demand - 3563 Words

In this section I will be discussing the product’s life cycle and its energy demand, the electrical parts and other parts included in our disassembled product, how they were manufactured, what their uses are, the products energy efficiency along with its measurements and calculations, obsolescence technology and what happens after it, how can renewable energy be implemented into our product and its positive impact on it, the advantages and disadvantages of our product and finally recycling of motor and/or heating elements and how they affect the product. Life Cycle Energy Demand: According to the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) , it defines LCA as : â€Å"an objective process used to evaluate the environmental†¦show more content†¦1) The sole plate of the steam iron: This is usually the metal thick, triangular-shaped slab of iron that forms the base over which the electric iron is built up. The sole plate is cast of molten aluminium. Some part of the mould has the holes shaped in it which creates the holes that are essential in a steam iron. Heated metal is inserted into a mould under pressure then cooled and then released. This cooled sole-plate is later on treated in several ways where it’s firstly polished then either it’s: coated with a non-stick material, or covered with another metal (usually stainless steel). To complete these processes, the sole plates are put on a large automated carousel, which rotates through each step whereas to polish the plate, an automated belt sander uses bands of abrasive to polish and buff the plate. An automated spray-painting machine is used to apply the non-stick coating. After application, the sole plate is baked in an automated industrial process. On the other hand, to coat with another metal (stainless steel), the external metal cover is created by an

Supply and Demand Essay Example For Students

Supply and Demand Essay Supply 1 The rubber supply in Japan is at an all time low. The article chosen discusses how the low supplies of rubber are not typical for the time of year. Tokyo rubber or TOCOM is the Tokyo Commodity Exchange which regulates the rubber market in Japan. A rally was held recently which was the largest in years because of the concerns about low supplies and historically low rubber stocks. The benchmark December rubber contract on the Tokyo Commodity Exchange rose as high as 169. 2 yen per kg, the priciest for TOCOMs key contract since March 11, 1996, when prices hit 174.6. At the close it was up 3.4 yen at 168.7 (TOCOM.). The contracts that are already signed between different companies for delivery from August to November of 2005 are not looking too good. The price for rubber is expected to rise five yen on the stock exchange. Julys contracts, which have no price limit, finished up seven at 189.8 yen per kg of rubber. This meant that the rubber contracts hit their life-time high. The expectations of investors in Tokyo are that the price of rubber will peak in August and begin to decrease when rubber supplies increase. The price gap of rubber between the December and July widened to 21.1 yen. Rubber supplies have been low due to a delay in shipments from Thailand. Thailand is the worlds largest manufacturer and exporter of natural rubber. The shipments of rubber have fallen due to bad weather conditions. Rubber supplies normally drop from the beginning of February which is winter and the dry season in southern Thailand. During Supply 2 this season, latex output declines because the rubber trees shed their leaves. Production in general, returns to normal by beginning of May, but the buyers are still not getting enough shipments. Japan purchases over 60 percent of its rubber imports from Thailand. Because the signs of short production, rubber stocks in Japan have decreased to the lowest level in forty years. According to the he Rubber Trade Association of Japan, Prior to June of 2005, the lowest the stock had been was back in 1962. Because of the high costs of rubber and the decrease in supply, manufacturers are considering shifting to natural rubber from expensive synthetic rubber. High oil costs have also driven up rubber costs. Because of the low supplies of rubber, companies are forced to increase the price. The demand has not risen because the need for rubber has not. By increasing the price of rubber, companies can try to make up for lost revenues. The rubber companies are also considering switching from highly priced synthetic rubber to natural rubber because of the cost difference. Natural rubber is much cheaper than synthetic rubber. Companies, who choose to make the switch, may want to consider the cost/benefit approach. For example, natural rubber is cheaper to produce but may not be as good as synthetic. The natural rubber make not be as high of quality as the synthetic rubber and therefore isnt as durable. Natural rubber may be easier to sell to the consumer because the price will be cheaper and the product will be easier to mass-produce. Considering the cost/benefit of switching rubber could be explained discussing a Supply 3 tire company. For example, suppose Goodyear had an extremely good and reliable tire made from synthetic rubber. Because costs are high, Goodyear decides to save money by switching to using natural rubber. The new tire may not hold up as well as the old and consumers begin to get into accidents. Now somebody may choose to sue Goodyear because of poor quality and because of an accident he or she may have gotten into. It may have been more cost effective to continue with the synthetic rubber and waited out the slow production period. The company may face larger expenses with a lawsuit than those of continuing with synthetic rubber. .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .postImageUrl , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:visited , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:active { border:0!important; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:active , .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95 .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85ea12a2c1beabd11c0bd9e18df8ff95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Oedipus Rex EssayReference Supply, Price and Demand, (Milligan, S. , Coulton, C., York, P., Register, R., 1996); New York. Report from Performance Benchmark Report, Journal of Modern Business, June 2003. pps. 23-47. The Tokyo Commodity Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.tocom.or.jp/ July 06, 2005. .